草庐IT

Activiti 7 启动流程实例

狂乱的贵公子 2023-03-28 原文

首先，考虑下面这样一个流程图

主要的流程定义如下：

<process id="demo" name="demo" isExecutable="true">
    <startEvent id="sid-aee4f5b6-6b26-423d-85c3-499659fb523b"/>
    <manualTask id="sid-f10234c0-9056-4b68-8422-f967d08c1cac" activiti:exclusive="true" name="人工任务1"/>
    <manualTask id="sid-fad46cbb-9529-4685-83d1-95cf96dba9dc" activiti:exclusive="true" name="人工任务2">
        <extensionElements>
            <activiti:executionListener event="end" class="com.example.demo222.MyExecutionListener"/>
        </extensionElements>
    </manualTask>
    <userTask id="sid-7049a00c-8eb8-4018-9210-dba9ece4dcf7" name="用户任务" activiti:assignee="zhangsan">
        <extensionElements>
            <activiti:taskListener event="complete" class="com.example.demo222.MyTaskCompleteListener"/>
        </extensionElements>
    </userTask>
    <endEvent id="sid-5be26610-d40f-4745-87a9-f20462595a45"/>
    <sequenceFlow id="sid-3b11c1ae-cdc2-4899-9014-0aa6ecc948a3" sourceRef="sid-aee4f5b6-6b26-423d-85c3-499659fb523b" targetRef="sid-f10234c0-9056-4b68-8422-f967d08c1cac"/>
    <sequenceFlow id="sid-04d1ef58-433d-4bd5-ac73-dec836ee2856" sourceRef="sid-f10234c0-9056-4b68-8422-f967d08c1cac" targetRef="sid-fad46cbb-9529-4685-83d1-95cf96dba9dc"/>
    <sequenceFlow id="sid-428c8fef-fe25-4c09-8d27-78f109f8312f" sourceRef="sid-fad46cbb-9529-4685-83d1-95cf96dba9dc" targetRef="sid-7049a00c-8eb8-4018-9210-dba9ece4dcf7"/>
    <sequenceFlow id="sid-fb1b8968-35e5-4fde-85c9-8c8dbafcf75b" sourceRef="sid-7049a00c-8eb8-4018-9210-dba9ece4dcf7" targetRef="sid-5be26610-d40f-4745-87a9-f20462595a45"/>
</process>

两个人工任务，一个用户任务

依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.activiti</groupId>
    <artifactId>activiti-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>7.1.0.M6</version>
</dependency>

流程执行监听器

package com.example.demo222;

import org.activiti.engine.delegate.DelegateExecution;
import org.activiti.engine.delegate.ExecutionListener;

public class MyExecutionListener implements ExecutionListener {
    @Override
    public void notify(DelegateExecution execution) {
        throw new RuntimeException("ExecutionListener报错了");
    }
}

任务监听器

package com.example.demo222;

import org.activiti.engine.delegate.DelegateTask;
import org.activiti.engine.delegate.TaskListener;

public class MyTaskCompleteListener implements TaskListener {
    @Override
    public void notify(DelegateTask delegateTask) {
        throw new RuntimeException("TaskListener报错了");
    }
}

启动流程

package com.example.demo222;

import org.activiti.engine.RepositoryService;
import org.activiti.engine.RuntimeService;
import org.activiti.engine.TaskService;
import org.activiti.engine.runtime.ProcessInstance;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class DemoTest {
    @Autowired
    private RepositoryService repositoryService;
    @Autowired
    private RuntimeService runtimeService;
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;

    @Test
    void deploy() {
        repositoryService.createDeployment()
                .addClasspathResource("processes/demo.bpmn20.xml")
                .name("demo")
                .key("demo")
                .tenantId("10086")
                .deploy();
    }

    @Test
    public void start() {
        ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKeyAndTenantId("demo", "10086");
        System.out.println(processInstance);
    }
}

如此简单的一个流程，如此简单的代码，我以为流程会顺利启动成功，结果启动失败了

java.lang.RuntimeException: ExecutionListener报错了
	at com.example.demo222.MyExecutionListener.notify(MyExecutionListener.java:9) ~[classes/:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.delegate.invocation.ExecutionListenerInvocation.invoke(ExecutionListenerInvocation.java:34) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.delegate.invocation.DelegateInvocation.proceed(DelegateInvocation.java:35) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.delegate.invocation.DefaultDelegateInterceptor.handleInvocation(DefaultDelegateInterceptor.java:25) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.bpmn.helper.ClassDelegate.notify(ClassDelegate.java:109) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.bpmn.listener.ListenerNotificationHelper.executeExecutionListeners(ListenerNotificationHelper.java:77) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.agenda.AbstractOperation.executeExecutionListeners(AbstractOperation.java:81) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.agenda.AbstractOperation.executeExecutionListeners(AbstractOperation.java:71) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.agenda.TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation.handleActivityEnd(TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation.java:99) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.agenda.TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation.handleFlowNode(TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation.java:84) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.agenda.TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation.run(TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation.java:77) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.CommandInvoker.executeOperation(CommandInvoker.java:73) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.CommandInvoker.executeOperations(CommandInvoker.java:57) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.CommandInvoker.execute(CommandInvoker.java:42) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.TransactionContextInterceptor.execute(TransactionContextInterceptor.java:48) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.CommandContextInterceptor.execute(CommandContextInterceptor.java:59) ~[activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.spring.SpringTransactionInterceptor$1.doInTransaction(SpringTransactionInterceptor.java:47) [activiti-spring-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate.execute(TransactionTemplate.java:140) [spring-tx-5.3.22.jar:5.3.22]
	at org.activiti.spring.SpringTransactionInterceptor.execute(SpringTransactionInterceptor.java:45) [activiti-spring-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.LogInterceptor.execute(LogInterceptor.java:29) [activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.cfg.CommandExecutorImpl.execute(CommandExecutorImpl.java:44) [activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.cfg.CommandExecutorImpl.execute(CommandExecutorImpl.java:39) [activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at org.activiti.engine.impl.RuntimeServiceImpl.startProcessInstanceByKeyAndTenantId(RuntimeServiceImpl.java:93) [activiti-engine-7.1.0.M6.jar:na]
	at com.example.demo222.DemoTest.start(DemoTest.java:32) [test-classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_333]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_333]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_333]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_333]
	at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:725) [junit-platform-commons-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:60) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:131) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept(TimeoutExtension.java:149) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:140) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:84) [junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:115) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:105) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:106) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:64) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:45) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:37) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:104) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:98) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$7(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:214) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:210) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:135) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar:5.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:151) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1259) ~[na:1.8.0_333]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1259) ~[na:1.8.0_333]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:107) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar:1.8.2]
	at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) ~[junit5-rt.jar:na]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) ~[junit-rt.jar:na]
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) ~[idea_rt.jar:na]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) ~[junit-rt.jar:na]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) ~[junit-rt.jar:na]
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) ~[junit-rt.jar:na]

我一直以为启动流程和任务流转是分开的，流程启动以后就往后走，启动时启动，任务流转是流转，二者应该互不影响的，没想到流程节点执行时报错会导致流程启动失败。直到看了代码，我才直到我错了。流程启动会一直往下执行，直到遇到一个它无法自动处理的节点（比如：User Task）才停下来。

下面通过代码了解启动流程实例的过程：

创建流程实例后返回一个ExecutionEntity，这个ExecutionEntity就是ProcessInstance

然后，将流程实例（ExecutionEntity）丢到Agenda中

往Agenda里放的是一个ContinueProcessOperation，所以接下来看ContinueProcessOperation

本例中，整个流程有9个FlowElement

现在，程序运行到这里，当前FlowElement（对应代码中的currentFlowElement）是开始节点，即StartEvent

因为它是FlowNode，所以接下来走节点的处理逻辑

默认情况下，节点是同步执行的，如果在任务定义时指定activiti:async="true"，那么将会异步执行

另外，我们还知道了，在流程执行过程中，是以同步方式调用监听器的，具体见org.activiti.engine.impl.bpmn.listener.ListenerNotificationHelper#executeExecutionListeners

这里涉及到行为Behavior了，在本例中，设计到下面这几种Behavior

Start节点对应的行为是NoneStartEventActivityBehavior，它的行为就是离开活动

通过往Agenda中放一个TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation来实现离开活动

org.activiti.engine.impl.agenda.TakeOutgoingSequenceFlowsOperation#leaveFlowNode

刚才是走的FlowNode，现在再看SequenceFlow

将下一个FlowElement设置为currentFlowElement，然后又是Context.getAgenda().planContinueProcessOperation(execution);

离开当前活动后，就来到了下一个活动，本例中下一个活动（Activity）是Manual Task

Manual Task是一个直接通过的活动

当走到第二个人工任务的时候，执行监听器时抛异常了，于是启动流程也失败了。假设他没有抛异常继续往下走就遇到一个User Task

那么在执行UserTaskActivityBehavior的时候，正常情况下是不会离开活动的，所以就停在这里了

 

所以，到这里，针对本例中的这个流程我们可以总结一下：

1、创建流程实例ExecutionEntity，放入Agenda中继续执行

2、一个流程包含很多FlowElement，FlowElement分两大类FlowNode和SequenceFlow。FlowNode有关联的ActivityBehavior。

3、从当前FlowElement开始，如果是FlowNode，则执行与之关联的行为，如果是SequenceFlow则继续执行

 

整个过程只有在FlowNode里才有可能停下来，像StartEvent和ManuTask这样的FlowNode它们的行为都是离开活动，遇到向UserTask这样的才会停下来

所以，通过源码的学习可以得出两个知识点：

1、启动流程实例的过程中不仅仅是启动就完了，它还会继续执行活动，直到遇到一个它无法自动通过的活动时才会停止，在这期间不抛异常才算流程启动成功

2、监听器是同步执行的，如果在监听器里抛异常了，会影响到活动的执行。就像本例中一样，在人工任务的完成监听器里抛异常导致流程实例启动失败

3、默认情况下，活动是同步执行的

 

Activiti启动enginejunitplatform后端开发

有关Activiti 7 启动流程实例的更多相关文章

  1. ruby-on-rails - 如何使用 instance_variable_set 正确设置实例变量？ - 2

    我正在查看instance_variable_set的文档并看到给出的示例代码是这样做的:obj.instance_variable_set(:@instnc_var,"valuefortheinstancevariable")然后允许您在类的任何实例方法中以@instnc_var的形式访问该变量。我想知道为什么在@instnc_var之前需要一个冒号:。冒号有什么作用？ 最佳答案 我的第一直觉是告诉你不要使用instance_variable_set除非你真的知道你用它做什么。它本质上是一种元编程工具或绕过实例变量可见性的黑客攻击

  2. ruby 正则表达式 - 如何替换字符串中匹配项的第 n 个实例 - 2

    在我的应用程序中，我需要能够找到所有数字子字符串，然后扫描每个子字符串，找到第一个匹配范围(例如5到15之间)的子字符串，并将该实例替换为另一个字符串“X”。我的测试字符串s="1foo100bar10gee1"我的初始模式是1个或多个数字的任何字符串，例如，re=Regexp.new(/\d+/)matches=s.scan(re)给出["1","100","10","1"]如果我想用“X”替换第N个匹配项，并且只替换第N个匹配项，我该怎么做？例如，如果我想替换第三个匹配项“10”(匹配项[2])，我不能只说s[matches[2]]="X"因为它做了两次替换“1fooX0barXg

  3. ruby-on-rails - 启动 Rails 服务器时 ImageMagick 的警告 - 2

    最近，当我启动我的Rails服务器时，我收到了一长串警告。虽然它不影响我的应用程序，但我想知道如何解决这些警告。我的估计是imagemagick以某种方式被调用了两次？当我在警告前后检查我的git日志时。我想知道如何解决这个问题。-bcrypt-ruby(3.1.2)-better_errors(1.0.1)+bcrypt(3.1.7)+bcrypt-ruby(3.1.5)-bcrypt(>=3.1.3)+better_errors(1.1.0)bcrypt和imagemagick有关系吗？/Users/rbchris/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p247/lib/ru

  4. ruby-on-rails - Rails - 从另一个模型中创建一个模型的实例 - 2

    我有一个正在构建的应用程序，我需要一个模型来创建另一个模型的实例。我希望每辆车都有4个轮胎。汽车模型classCar轮胎模型classTire但是，在make_tires内部有一个错误，如果我为Tire尝试它，则没有用于创建或新建的activerecord方法。当我检查轮胎时，它没有这些方法。我该如何补救？错误是这样的:未定义的方法'create'forActiveRecord::AttributeMethods::Serialization::Tire::Module我测试了两个环境:测试和开发，它们都因相同的错误而失败。 最佳答案

  5. ruby-on-rails - RSpec:避免使用允许接收的任何实例 - 2

    我正在处理旧代码的一部分。beforedoallow_any_instance_of(SportRateManager).toreceive(:create).and_return(true)endRubocop错误如下:Avoidstubbingusing'allow_any_instance_of'我读到了RuboCop::RSpec:AnyInstance我试着像下面那样改变它。由此beforedoallow_any_instance_of(SportRateManager).toreceive(:create).and_return(true)end对此:let(:sport_

  6. ruby-on-rails - 使用 ruby​​ 将多个实例变量转换为散列的更好方法？ - 2

    我收到格式为的回复#我需要将其转换为哈希值(针对活跃商家)。目前我正在遍历变量并执行此操作:response.instance_variables.eachdo|r|my_hash.merge!(r.to_s.delete("@").intern=>response.instance_eval(r.to_s.delete("@")))end这有效，它将生成{:first="charlie",:last=>"kelly"},但它似乎有点hacky和不稳定。有更好的方法吗？编辑:我刚刚意识到我可以使用instance_variable_get作为该等式的第二部分，但这仍然是主要问题。

  7. UE4 源码阅读：从引擎启动到Receive Begin Play - 2

    一、引擎主循环UE版本：4.27一、引擎主循环的位置：Launch.cpp:GuardedMain函数二、、GuardedMain函数执行逻辑：1、EnginePreInit：加载大多数模块int32ErrorLevel=EnginePreInit(CmdLine);PreInit模块加载顺序：模块加载过程：（1）注册模块中定义的UObject，同时为每个类构造一个类默认对象（CDO，记录类的默认状态，作为模板用于子类实例创建）（2）调用模块的StartUpModule方法2、FEngineLoop::Init()1、检查Engine的配置文件找出使用了哪一个GameEngine类（UGame

  8. ruby - 为什么当我调用类的实例方法时，初始化不显示为方法？ - 2

    我正在写一篇关于在Ruby中几乎一切都是对象的博客文章，我试图通过以下示例来展示这一点:classCoolBeansattr_accessor:beansdefinitialize@bean=[]enddefcount_beans@beans.countendend所以从类中我们可以看出它有4个方法(当然，除非我错了):它可以在创建新实例时初始化一个默认的空bean数组它可以计算它有多少个bean它可以读取它有多少个bean(通过attr_accessor)它可以向空数组写入(或添加)更多bean(也通过attr_accessor)但是，当我询问类本身它有哪些实例方法时，我没有看到默认

  9. ruby - 在 Ruby 中，在类方法的上下文中，什么是实例变量和类变量？ - 2

    如果我有以下一段Ruby代码:classBlahdefself.bleh@blih="Hello"@@bloh="World"endend@blih和@@bloh到底是什么？@blih是Blah类中的一个实例变量，@@bloh是Blah类中的一个类变量，对吗？这是否意味着@@bloh是Blah的类Class中的一个变量？ 最佳答案 人们似乎忽略了该方法是类方法。@blih将是常量Bleh的类Class实例的实例变量。因此:irb(main):001:0>classBlehirb(main):002:1>defself.blehirb

  10. ruby - 从外部访问类的实例变量 - 2

    我理解(我认为)Ruby中类变量和类的实例变量之间的区别。我想知道如何从该类外部访问该类的实例变量。从内部(即在类方法中而不是实例方法中)，它可以直接访问，但是从外部，有没有办法做MyClass.class.[@$#]variablename?我没有任何具体原因要这样做，只是学习Ruby并想知道是否可行。 最佳答案 classMyClass@my_class_instance_var="foo"class上述yield:>>foo我相信Arkku演示了如何从类外部访问类变量(@@)，而不是类实例变量(@)。我从这篇文章中提取了上述内

随机推荐