如何使用 Dagger ？如何配置 Dagger 以在我的 Android 项目中工作？

我想在我的 Android 项目中使用 Dagger，但我觉得它很困惑。

编辑:Dagger2 也从 2015 年 04 月 15 日开始发布，它更令人困惑!

[这个问题是一个“ stub ”，当我更多地了解 Dagger1 和更多地了解 Dagger2 时，我将添加到我的答案中。这个问题更像是一个 指南 而不是一个“问题”。]

最佳答案

指南 Dagger 2.x (修订版 6):

步骤如下:

1.) 添加 Dagger给您的 build.gradle文件:

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.2.0'
        classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8' //added apt for source code generation
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt' //needed for source code generation

android {
    compileSdkVersion 24
    buildToolsVersion "24.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "your.app.id"
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 24
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.7' //needed for source code generation
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.1'
    compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.7' //dagger itself
    provided 'org.glassfish:javax.annotation:10.0-b28' //needed to resolve compilation errors, thanks to tutplus.org for finding the dependency
}

@Module //a module could also include other modules
public class AppContextModule {
    private final CustomApplication application;

    public AppContextModule(CustomApplication application) {
        this.application = application;
    }

    @Provides
    public CustomApplication application() {
        return this.application;
    }

    @Provides 
    public Context applicationContext() {
        return this.application;
    }

    @Provides
    public LocationManager locationService(Context context) {
        return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
    }
}

public interface AppContextComponent {
    CustomApplication application(); //provision method
    Context applicationContext(); //provision method
    LocationManager locationManager(); //provision method
}

@Module //this is to show that you can include modules to one another
public class AnotherModule {
    @Provides
    @Singleton
    public AnotherClass anotherClass() {
        return new AnotherClassImpl();
    }
}

@Module(includes=AnotherModule.class) //this is to show that you can include modules to one another
public class OtherModule {
    @Provides
    @Singleton
    public OtherClass otherClass(AnotherClass anotherClass) {
        return new OtherClassImpl(anotherClass);
    }
}

public interface AnotherComponent {
    AnotherClass anotherClass();
}

public interface OtherComponent extends AnotherComponent {
    OtherClass otherClass();
}

@Component(modules={OtherModule.class})
@Singleton
public interface ApplicationComponent extends OtherComponent {
    void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}

@Singleton
@Component(module={AppContextModule.class}) //this is where you would add additional modules, and a dependency if you want to subscope
public interface ApplicationComponent extends AppContextComponent { //extend to have the provision methods
    void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}

public class Something {
    OtherThing otherThing;

    @Inject
    public Something(OtherThing otherThing) {
        this.otherThing = otherThing;
    }
}

public class Something {
    @Inject
    OtherThing otherThing;

    @Inject
    public Something() {
    }
}

@Singleton // scoping
public class Something {
    OtherThing otherThing;

    @Inject
    public Something(OtherThing otherThing) {
        this.otherThing = otherThing;
    }
}

public interface Something {
    void doSomething();
}

@Singleton
public class SomethingImpl {
    @Inject
    AnotherThing anotherThing;

    @Inject
    public SomethingImpl() {
    }
}

@Module
public class SomethingModule {
    @Provides
    Something something(SomethingImpl something) {
        return something;
    }
}

@Module
public abstract class SomethingModule {
    @Binds
    abstract Something something(SomethingImpl something);
}

public enum Injector {
    INSTANCE;

    ApplicationComponent applicationComponent;

    private Injector(){
    }

    static void initialize(CustomApplication customApplication) {
        ApplicationComponent applicationComponent = DaggerApplicationComponent.builder()
           .appContextModule(new AppContextModule(customApplication))
           .build();
        INSTANCE.applicationComponent = applicationComponent;
    }

    public static ApplicationComponent get() {
        return INSTANCE.applicationComponent;
    }
}

public class CustomApplication
        extends Application {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Injector.initialize(this);
    }
}

<application
    android:name=".CustomApplication"
    ...

public class MainActivity
        extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Inject
    CustomApplication customApplication;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Injector.get().inject(this);
        //customApplication is injected from component
    }
}

@Scope
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface YourCustomScope {
}

@YourCustomScope
@Component(dependencies = {ApplicationComponent.class}, modules = {CustomScopeModule.class})
public interface YourCustomScopedComponent
        extends ApplicationComponent {
    CustomScopeClass customScopeClass();

    void inject(YourScopedClass scopedClass);
}

@Module
public class CustomScopeModule {
    @Provides
    @YourCustomScope
    public CustomScopeClass customScopeClass() {
        return new CustomScopeClassImpl();
    }
}

@Singleton
@Component
public interface ApplicationComponent {
}

@YourCustomScope
@Component(dependencies = {ApplicationComponent.class}, modules = {CustomScopeModule.class})
public interface YourCustomScopedComponent
        extends ApplicationComponent {
    CustomScopeClass customScopeClass();

    void inject(YourScopedClass scopedClass);
}

@Singleton
@Component
public interface ApplicationComponent {
    YourCustomScopedComponent newYourCustomScopedComponent(CustomScopeModule customScopeModule);
}

@Subcomponent(modules={CustomScopeModule.class})
@YourCustomScope
public interface YourCustomScopedComponent {
    CustomScopeClass customScopeClass();
}

DaggerYourCustomScopedComponent.builder()
      .applicationComponent(Injector.get())
      .customScopeModule(new CustomScopeModule())
      .build();

Injector.INSTANCE.newYourCustomScopedComponent(new CustomScopeModule());

关于android - 如何在Android项目中从头开始设置DAGGER依赖注入(inject)？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27036933/