centos7默认的gcc版本是4.8.5，无法编译高版本的glibc 2.28，需要升级到gcc 8.2版本

注：gcc高版本和glibc 2.28不兼容

## 查看自带默认的glibc
strings /lib64/lib.so.6 | grep GLIBC

# 查看glibc 软件版本号
rpm -qa | grep glibc

升级gcc

升级glibc

1. 安装glibc

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.27.tar.gz
tar -xvf glibc-2.27.tar.gz

## 编译安装
# 进入glibc-2.27目录中
cd glibc-2.27
# 创建build目录
mkdir build
# 进入build目录
cd build
# 执行./configure
../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin
# 安装
make && make install

## 查看共享库
ls -l /lib64/libc.so.6

## 再次查看系统中可使用的glibc版本
strings /lib64/libc.so.6 |grep GLIBC_

执行./confiure报错：These critical programs are missing or too old: bison compiler

安装bison：yum install bison

继续执行./configure还是报错：These critical programs are missing or too old: compiler

gcc编译器版本过低

2. 升级太高升到gcc-11.2.0去了。。

CentOS7 编译安装 gcc11.2

gcc11.2版本太高，无法编译glibc2.28（?），重新安装gcc8.2

3. 安装gcc-8.2.0依赖环境

yum install bison -y
yum -y install wget bzip2 gcc gcc-c++ glib-headers

4. 升级GNU make到make 4.2

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.2.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf make-4.2.1.tar.gz
cd make-4.2.1
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr/local/make && make && make install
export PATH=/usr/local/make/bin:$PATH
ln -s /usr/local/make/bin/make /usr/local/make/bin/gmake
make -v

# 昨天使用这段命令安装的
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.2.tar.gz
tar -xzvf make-4.2.tar.gz
cd make-4.2
sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/make
sudo cp ./make /usr/bin/
make -v

5. 安装Python3.8

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tar.xz
xz -d Python-3.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf Python-3.8.0.tar
cd Python-3.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make -j 2 && make install
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

• 安装python3 make时报错Failed to build these modules: _ctypes

  yum install -y libffi-devel

• 错误提示：Python requires an OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1 compatible libssl with X509_VERIFY_P

  安装libressl

  # 下载源码包
  wget https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/LibreSSL/libressl-3.0.2.tar.gz
  # 解压
  tar -zxvf libressl-3.0.2.tar.gz
  # 配置安装路径
  mkdir /usr/local/libressl
  cd libressl-3.0.2
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libressl
  # 安装
  make 
  make install
  # 创建软连接代替openssl
  mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
  mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.bak
  ln -s /usr/local/libressl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
  ln -s /usr/local/libressl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
  echo /usr/local/libressl/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libressl-3.0.2.conf
  ldconfig -v
  # 验证是否安装完成
  openssl version
  

  • 错误提示：echo权限不够

    # 要给echo整条命令加单引号
    sudo sh -c 'echo /usr/local/libressl/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libressl-3.0.2.conf'
    

• 错误提示：zlib not available

  # 安装依赖
  sudo yum install zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel readline-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel xz xz-devel libffi-devel
  

6. 安装gcc8.2.0

# 下载并解压
wdget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gnu/gcc/gcc-8.2.0/gcc-8.2.0.tar.gz
tar xf gcc-8.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-8.2.0
# 下载gmp mpfr mpc等供编译需求的依赖项
./contrib/download_prerequisites
# 配置
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0 --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
# 编译安装
make -j 2
make install
# 修改环境变量，使得gcc-8.2.0为默认的gcc
vi /etc/profile.d/gcc.sh
# 导出头文件
[yy@localhost profile.d]$ sudo ln -sv /usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/include/ /usr/include/gcc
"/usr/include/gcc/include" -> "/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/include/"

7. 由于之前安装了gcc11.2需要做一下修改

# 应用环境变量
echo -e '\nexport PATH=/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/bin:$PATH\n' >> /etc/profile.d/gcc.sh
source /etc/profile.d/gcc.sh

# 删除库文件
sudo rm /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf
# 设置库文件
touch /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf
chmod 777 /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf 
echo -e "/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/lib64" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf
# 加载动态连接库
ldconfig -v
# 查看gcc
ldconfig -p |grep gcc

# 重启服务器
reboot

8. 配置glibc2.28还是报错compiler

# 尝试昨天失败的命令
sudo sh -c 'echo "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-8/enable" >>/etc/profile‘

../configure命令成功

9. 编译

sudo make 
sudo make install

make install的报错

可以不用管

10. 验证是否成功

[yy@localhost build]$ strings /usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX_
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19
GLIBCXX_3.4.20
GLIBCXX_3.4.21
GLIBCXX_3.4.22
GLIBCXX_3.4.23
GLIBCXX_3.4.24
GLIBCXX_3.4.25
...

[yy@localhost build]$ strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC
GLIBC_2.2.5
GLIBC_2.2.6
GLIBC_2.3
GLIBC_2.3.2
GLIBC_2.3.3
GLIBC_2.3.4
GLIBC_2.4
GLIBC_2.5
GLIBC_2.6
GLIBC_2.7
GLIBC_2.8
GLIBC_2.9
GLIBC_2.10
GLIBC_2.11
GLIBC_2.12
GLIBC_2.13
GLIBC_2.14
GLIBC_2.15
GLIBC_2.16
GLIBC_2.17
GLIBC_2.18
GLIBC_2.22
GLIBC_2.23
GLIBC_2.24
GLIBC_2.25
GLIBC_2.26
GLIBC_2.27
GLIBC_2.28
GLIBC_PRIVATE
...

[yy@localhost build]$ ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.28
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.