我知道这个问题已经在这里和互联网上被问过很多次，我已经阅读了许多答案，但我仍然不明白解决这个问题的正确方法。我正在尝试使用 Spring MVC 和 JPA，每次访问延迟加载的属性时，我都会收到 LazyInitializationException。

这是我正在试验的一些代码:

@Repository
public class MyDAO {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyDAO.class);

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;

    @Transactional
    public void logDOI() {
        DOI myDOI = em.find(DOI.class, Long.valueOf(1));

        // This line gives the expected output
        logger.info("Fetched DOI: " + myDOI.getDoiKey());

        // This line throws the LazyInitalizationException
        for(DOIMembership m : myDOI.getDoiMemberships()) {
            logger.info("Got DOI Membership id: " + m.getId());
        }
    }
}

我正在访问的实体:

@Entity
@Table(name="DOI")
public class DOI implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @SequenceGenerator(name="DOI_ID_GENERATOR", sequenceName="DOI_SEQ")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator="DOI_ID_GENERATOR")
    private long id;

    // Other properties omitted

    //bi-directional many-to-one association to DOIMembership
    @OneToMany(mappedBy="doi", fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
    private Set<DOIMembership> doiMemberships;

    public DOI() {
    }

    public long getId() {
        return this.id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    // Other Accessors Omitted

}

从 DOI 引用的实体

@Entity
@Table(name="DOI_MEMBERSHIP")
public class DOIMembership implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @SequenceGenerator(name="DOI_MEMBERSHIP_ID_GENERATOR", sequenceName="DOI_MEMBERSHIP_SEQ")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator="DOI_MEMBERSHIP_ID_GENERATOR")
    private long id;

    //bi-directional many-to-one association to DOI
    @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name="DOI_ID")
    private DOI doi;

    @Column(name="GROUP_ID")
    private BigDecimal groupId;

    @Column(name="DATA_SET")
    private BigDecimal dataSetId;

    public DOIMembership() {
    }

    public BigDecimal getGroupId() {
        return groupId;
    }

    public BigDecimal getDataSetId() {
        return dataSetId;
    }

    public void setDataSetId(BigDecimal dataSetId) {
        this.dataSetId = dataSetId;
    }

    public void setGroupId(BigDecimal groupId) {
        this.groupId = groupId;
    }

    public long getId() {
        return this.id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public DOI getDoi() {
        return this.doi;
    }

    public void setDoi(DOI doi) {
        this.doi = doi;
    }

}

Spring MVC Controller :

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/summary")
public class DOISummaryController {
    @Autowired
    MyDAO myDAO;

    @RequestMapping()
    public String DOISummary() {
        myDAO.logDOI();

        return "home";
    }
}

我的 Spring 配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

    <!-- Root Context: defines shared resources visible to all other web components -->

    <context:property-placeholder location="WEB-INF/spring/root-context.properties, WEB-INF/spring/datasource-context.properties"  />

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName">
            <value>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</value>
        </property>
        <property name="url">
            <value>${Url}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="username">
            <value>${Username}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="password">
            <value>${Password}</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="emf" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" />
        </property>
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="org.myorg.doi.domain" />
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                    org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
                </prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.max_fetch_depth">3</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size">50</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">10</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="emf" />
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

    <context:annotation-config />

    <task:annotation-driven />

    <context:component-scan base-package="org.myorg.doi" />

</beans>

还有一个堆栈跟踪，根据要求:

SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [appServlet] in context with path [/DOI] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session] with root cause
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session
    at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.initialize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:430)
    at org.hibernate.collection.internal.AbstractPersistentCollection.read(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:121)
    at org.hibernate.collection.internal.PersistentSet.iterator(PersistentSet.java:180)
    at org.myorg.doi.dao.MyDAO.logDOI(MyDAO.java:27)
    at org.myorg.doi.web.DOISummaryController.DOISummary(DOISummaryController.java:29)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:213)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:126)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:96)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:617)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:578)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:80)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:923)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:852)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:882)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:778)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:621)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:722)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:305)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:225)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:123)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:168)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:98)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:927)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:118)
    at com.springsource.insight.collection.tcserver.request.HttpRequestOperationCollectionValve.traceNextValve(HttpRequestOperationCollectionValve.java:116)
    at com.springsource.insight.collection.tcserver.request.HttpRequestOperationCollectionValve.invoke(HttpRequestOperationCollectionValve.java:98)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1001)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:585)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:310)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680)

您可以看到，我正在尝试使用纯 JPA，并且只使用 Hibernate 作为 JPA 提供程序。

我了解该异常是由 session 与实体分离引起的。但是，我认为如果我们当前处于事务中就不会发生这种情况，因为 logDOI 方法是用 @Transactional 注释的。

当然，如果我将 FetchType 更改为 EAGER，一切都会完美运行，但似乎我不应该这样做。

我也知道 OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter，但如果我在使用 @Transactional 注释的 DAO 中保留对我的实体的所有访问权限(或通过我不知道的其他方式)，我似乎也不必使用它)。

我认为我可能错误地处理了这个问题，但我不知道正确的方法是什么。应该如何有效地使用延迟加载的属性？

最佳答案

感谢 Shailendra，我开始仔细查看交易，发现交易从未开始。有了这些信息，我做了一些调查，发现:Spring @Transaction not starting transactions .我把 <tx:annotation-driven/>在我的 servlet-context.xml 文件中，logDOI 的事务突然启动，一切正常；我不再得到 LazyInitializationException。我完全不清楚为什么会这样。任何有关这方面的信息将不胜感激。

更新:

我想通了。我的一个关键问题是在 servlet-context.xml 文件中。原来是这样的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

    <!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure -->

    <!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
    <annotation-driven />

    <!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
    <resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

    <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
    <beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </beans:bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="org.myapp.doi" />

</beans:beans>

主要问题是在那个上下文中:组件扫描行。 Spring MVC 创建 bean 实例化的两个上下文:在 web.xml 文件中使用 contextConfigLocation 参数定义的根应用程序上下文和在 web.xml 文件中的 DispatcherServlet 中定义的 servlet 上下文。 servlet 上下文可以看到应用程序上下文，但反之则不行。现在，由于在 servlet 上下文中定义了 context:component-scan 并扫描了整个应用程序命名空间，我的 DAO 正在 servlet 上下文中被实例化。但是，事务注释扫描是在应用程序上下文中完成的，并且无法从那里完成它的 AOP 代理内容。只需修改 servlet 上下文中的 context:component-scan 以仅扫描 MVC Controller (<context:component-scan base-package="org.myapp.doi.web" /> 修复了所有问题；DAO 正在应用程序上下文中创建并正确设置事务。

关于spring - JPA 和 Hibernate 中的 LazyInitializationException，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12428085/