在 Twig 中 use 和 include 有什么区别？

Documentation :

include

The include statement includes a template and returns the rendered content of that template into the current one:

{% include 'header.html' %}
Body here...
{% include 'footer.html' %}

use

The use statement tells Twig to import the blocks defined in blocks.html into the current template (it's like macros, but for blocks):

blocks.html

{% block sidebar %}{% endblock %}

main.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% use "blocks.html" %}
{% block title %}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}

可能的答案:

我认为this应该解释区别:

include is to get all the code from an external file and import it into your actual file at the right location of the call.

use is completely different as it parses the linked file to find a particular section of code and then overwrites the blocks with the same name, in your current file, with the one found in this external file.

include is like "go find this file and render it with my page here".

use is "parse this other file to find block definitions to use instead of my owns defined here".

If use command finds nothing matching the task, nothing is displayed at all from this file.

问题

解释正确吗？对于这种差异还有其他解释吗？

最佳答案

几个月后，我发布了一个答案，以供进一步引用这个问题。我还为 extends 添加了一些描述& import & macro & embed更多许可:

Twig 中有多种类型的继承和代码重用:

包含

主要目标:代码重用

用例:使用header.html.twig & footer.html.twig里面base.html.twig .

header.html.twig

<nav>
   <div>Homepage</div>
   <div>About</div>
</nav>

footer.html.twig

<footer>
   <div>Copyright</div>
</footer>

base.html.twig

{% include 'header.html.twig' %}
<main>{% block main %}{% endblock %}</main>
{% include 'footer.html.twig' %}

扩展

主要目标:垂直重用

用例:扩展base.html.twig里面homepage.html.twig & about.html.twig .

base.html.twig

{% include 'header.html.twig' %}
<main>{% block main %}{% endblock %}</main>
{% include 'footer.html.twig' %}

homepage.html.twig

{% extends 'base.html.twig' %}

{% block main %}
<p>Homepage</p>
{% endblock %}

about.html.twig

{% extends 'base.html.twig' %}

{% block main %}
<p>About page</p>
{% endblock %}

使用

主要目标:水平重用

用例: sidebar.html.twig在single.product.html.twig & single.service.html.twig .

sidebar.html.twig

{% block sidebar %}<aside>This is sidebar</aside>{% endblock %}

single.product.html.twig

{% extends 'product.layout.html.twig' %}

{% use 'sidebar.html.twig' %}

{% block main %}<main>Product page</main>{% endblock %}

single.service.html.twig

{% extends 'service.layout.html.twig' %}

{% use 'sidebar.html.twig' %}

{% block main %}<main>Service page</main>{% endblock %}

注意事项:

1. 它类似于宏，但用于 block 。
2. 如果 use 标签没有扩展另一个模板，如果它没有定义宏，并且主体为空，那么它只会导入一个模板。

宏

主要目标:带有变量的可重用标记

用例:获取一些变量并输出一些标记的函数。

form.html.twig

{% macro input(name, value, type) %}
    <input type="{{ type|default('text') }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}" }}" />
{% endmacro %}

profile.service.html.twig

{% import "form.html.twig" as form %}

<form action="/login" method="post">
    <div>{{ form.input('username') }}</div>
    <div>{{ form.input('password') }}</div>
    <div>{{ form.input('submit', 'Submit', 'submit') }}</div>
</form>

嵌入

主要目标:阻止覆盖

用例:嵌入 pagination.html.twig在product.table.html.twig & service.table.html.twig .

pagination.html.twig

<div id="pagination">
    <div>{% block first %}{% endblock %}</div>
    {% for i in (min + 1)..(max - 1) %}
        <div>{{ i }}</div>
    {% endfor %}
    <div>{% block last %}{% endblock %}</div>
</div>

product.table.html.twig

{% set min, max = 1, products.itemPerPage %}

{% embed 'pagination.html.twig' %}
    {% block first %}First Product Page{% endblock %}
    {% block last %}Last Product Page{% endblock %}
{% endembed %}

service.table.html.twig

{% set min, max = 1, services.itemPerPage %}

{% embed 'pagination.html.twig' %}
    {% block first %}First Service Page{% endblock %}
    {% block last %}Last Service Page{% endblock %}
{% endembed %}

请注意嵌入文件 ( pagination.html.twig ) 可以访问当前上下文 ( min , max 变量)。

您还可以将额外的变量传递给嵌入文件:

pagination.html.twig

<p>{{ count }} items</p>
<div>
    <div>{% block first %}{% endblock %}</div>
    {% for i in (min + 1)..(max - 1) %}
        <div>{{ i }}</div>
    {% endfor %}
    <div>{% block last %}{% endblock %}</div>
</div>

product.table.html.twig

{% set min, max = 1, products|length %}

{% embed 'pagination.html.twig' with {'count': products|length } %}
    {% block first %}First Product Page{% endblock %}
    {% block last %}Last Product Page{% endblock %}
{% endembed %}

注意:

它同时具有 Use 的功能& Include在一起。

关于php - 包含、扩展、使用、宏、嵌入 Twig 之间的区别，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40526990/