alpine系统

alpine系统是什么

Alpine Linux 是一个基于 musl libc 和 busybox 的面向安全的轻量级 Linux 发行版。

alpine系统的特点

• 小巧：基于Musl libc和busybox，和busybox一样小巧，最小的Docker镜像只有5MB；

• 安全：面向安全的轻量发行版；

• 简单：提供APK包管理工具，软件的搜索、安装、删除、升级都非常方便。

• 适合容器使用：由于小巧、功能完备，非常适合作为容器的基础镜像。

alpine镜像下载

alpine官网

alpine国内源

清华大学：https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/
阿里云：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/
网易：http://mirrors.163.com/

更换apk源

sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories

alpine基础命令

apk update 		//更新最新镜像源列表
 
apk search 		//查找所以可用软件包
 
apk search -v 		//查找所以可用软件包及其描述内容
 
apk search -v ‘acf*’ 		//通过软件包名称查找软件包
 
apk search -v -d ‘docker’ 		//通过描述文件查找特定的软件包
 
apk add openssh 		//安装一个软件
 
apk add openssh openntp vim 		//安装多个软件
 
apk add --no-cache mysql-client 		//不使用本地镜像源缓存，相当于先执行update，再执行add
 
apk info 				//列出所有已安装的软件包
 
apk info -a zlib 		//显示完整的软件包信息
 
apk info --who-owns /sbin/lbu 			//显示指定文件属于的包
 
apk upgrade 				//升级所有软件
 
apk upgrade openssh 		//升级指定软件
 
apk upgrade openssh openntp vim 		//升级多个软件
 
apk add --upgrade busybox 				//指定升级部分软件包
 
apk del openssh 			//删除一个软件

服务管理

alpine没有使用fedora的systemctl来进行服务管理，使用的是RC系列命令：

rc-update 			//主要用于不同运行级增加或者删除服务

rc-status 			//主要用于运行级的状态管理

rc-service 			//主用于管理服务的状态

rc-status -a 		//列出系统所有服务

关闭系统

reboot 		//重启系统

poweroff 	//关机

dockerfile创建apache镜像

创建好目录结构

#下载好需要使用的包
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz

#创建好一个目录存放包和dockerfile
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd
[root@localhost httpd]# mkdir files
[root@localhost httpd]# touch Dockerfile
[root@localhost httpd]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# mv *.tar.gz httpd/files/

编写一个entrypoint.sh的脚本

[root@localhost httpd]# cd files/
[root@localhost files]# vim entrypoint.sh 
#!/bin/bash

sed -i '/^ServerName/s/#//g' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd/conf

exec "$@"
[root@localhost files]# chmod +x entrypoint.sh

编写dockerfile

FROM alpine

LABEL MANTAINER "zxr 2428341246@qq.com"

ENV apr_version=1.7.0 apr_util_version=1.6.1 httpd_version=2.4.54

ADD files/* /tmp/

RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories && \
    apk update && \
    adduser -SHs /sbin/nologin apache && \
    apk add --no-cache -U gcc libc-dev make expat-dev pcre-dev openssl-dev libtool && \
    cd /tmp/apr-${apr_version} && \
    sed -i '/$RM "$cfgfile"/d' configure && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr && \
    make && make install && \
    cd /tmp/apr-util-${apr_util_version} && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr && \
    make && make install && \
    cd /tmp/httpd-${httpd_version} && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
    --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
    --enable-so \
    --enable-ssl \
    --enable-cgi \
    --enable-rewrite \
    --with-zlib \
    --with-pcre \
    --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
    --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
    --enable-modules=most \
    --enable-mpms-shared=all \
    --with-mpm=prefork && \
    make && make install && \
    mv /tmp/entrypoint.sh / && \
    apk del gcc make && \
    rm -rf /tmp/* /var/cache/*

EXPOSE 80
WORKDIR /usr/local/apache
CMD ["/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd","-D","FOREGROUND"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash","/entrypoint.sh"]

创建镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker build -t xinruizhong/httpd:v2 httpd/
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
xinruizhong/httpd   v2        d884889149e6   5 hours ago    122MB
alpine              latest    c059bfaa849c   9 months ago   5.59MB

创建容器，链接外部存储，并测试

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /html/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /html/
[root@localhost html]# echo "hello world" > index.html
[root@localhost html]# cat index.html 
hello world
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -dit --name web -p 80:80 -v /html/://usr/local/apache/htdocs/:Z xinruizhong/httpd:v2
3d718a9c1cca735057e99eca5fc3f3da69bccf0fa113997cb6fe05187e2bc94a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
3d718a9c1cca   xinruizhong/httpd:v2   "/bin/bash /entrypoi…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.111.139:80
hello world

上传镜像

Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: xinruizhong
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@localhost ~]# docker push xinruizhong/httpd:v2
The push refers to repository [docker.io/xinruizhong/httpd]
2efef2815df1: Layer already exists 
6128a159deec: Layer already exists 
8d3ac3489996: Layer already exists 
v2: digest: sha256:7e1c94047ee828de88d62c8a146effe0befc71d66ac608a49ba9f33a9ffbb551 size: 952