我正在尝试在 Python 服务器和 Android 客户端应用程序之间使用两种方式的 SSL 身份验证。我可以访问服务器和客户端，并希望使用我自己的证书实现客户端身份验证。到目前为止，我已经能够验证服务器证书并在没有客户端身份验证的情况下进行连接。

客户端需要什么样的证书，如何让它在握手过程中自动发送给服务器？这是我目前拥有的客户端和服务器端代码。我的方法错了吗？

服务器代码

while True: # Keep listening for clients
    c, fromaddr = sock.accept()

    ssl_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(c,
            keyfile = "serverPrivateKey.pem",
            certfile = "servercert.pem",
            server_side = True,
            # Require the client to provide a certificate
            cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
            ssl_version = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
            ca_certs = "clientcert.pem", #TODO must point to a file of CA certificates??
            do_handshake_on_connect = True,
            ciphers="!NULL:!EXPORT:AES256-SHA")

    print ssl_sock.cipher()
    thrd = sock_thread(ssl_sock)
    thrd.daemon = True
    thrd.start()

我怀疑我可能为 ca_certs 使用了错误的文件...？

客户端代码

    private boolean connect() {
    try {
        KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS"); // Stores the client certificate, to be sent to server
        KeyStore truststore = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS"); // Stores the server certificate we want to trust
        // TODO: change hard coded password... THIS IS REAL BAD MKAY
        truststore.load(mSocketService.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.truststore), "test".toCharArray());
        keystore.load(mSocketService.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.keystore), "test".toCharArray());

        // Use the key manager for client authentication. Keys in the key manager will be sent to the host
        KeyManagerFactory keyFManager = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        keyFManager.init(keystore, "test".toCharArray());

        // Use the trust manager to determine if the host I am connecting to is a trusted host
        TrustManagerFactory trustMFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory
                .getDefaultAlgorithm());
        trustMFactory.init(truststore);

        // Create the socket factory and add both the trust manager and key manager
        SSLCertificateSocketFactory socketFactory = (SSLCertificateSocketFactory) SSLCertificateSocketFactory
                .getDefault(5000, new SSLSessionCache(mSocketService));
        socketFactory.setTrustManagers(trustMFactory.getTrustManagers());
        socketFactory.setKeyManagers(keyFManager.getKeyManagers());

        // Open SSL socket directly to host, host name verification is NOT performed here due to
        // SSLCertificateFactory implementation
        mSSLSocket = (SSLSocket) socketFactory.createSocket(mHostname, mPort);
        mSSLSocket.setSoTimeout(TIMEOUT);

        // Most SSLSocketFactory implementations do not verify the server's identity, allowing man-in-the-middle
        // attacks. This implementation (SSLCertificateSocketFactory) does check the server's certificate hostname,
        // but only for createSocket variants that specify a hostname. When using methods that use InetAddress or
        // which return an unconnected socket, you MUST verify the server's identity yourself to ensure a secure
        // connection.
        verifyHostname();
        // Safe to proceed with socket now
...

我已经使用 openssl 生成了客户端私钥、客户端证书、服务器私钥和服务器证书。然后我将客户端证书添加到 keystore.bks(我存储在 /res/raw/keystore.bks)然后我将服务器证书添加到 truststore .bks

所以现在当客户端尝试连接时，我在服务器端收到此错误:

ssl.SSLError: [Errno 1] _ssl.c:504: error:140890C7:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE:peer did not return a certificate

当我尝试在 android 客户端中执行此操作时

SSLSession s = mSSLSocket.getSession();
s.getPeerCertificates();

我收到这个错误:

javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: No peer certificate

很明显，我正在使用的 keystore 中似乎没有正确的对等证书，因此没有向服务器发送证书。

我应该在 keystore 中放入什么来防止这种异常？

另外，这种双向SSL认证方式安全有效吗？

最佳答案

服务器需要信任客户端证书。通常的做法是创建一个 CA，然后让它签署服务器证书和客户端证书。每个人都将在各自的信任库中拥有 CA 证书。然后你需要用这样的东西初始化 SSLContext:

KeyStore trustStore = loadTrustStore();
KeyStore keyStore = loadKeyStore();

TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
                    .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
tmf.init(trustStore);

KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory
                    .getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
kmf.init(keyStore, KEYSTORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());

SSLContext sslCtx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslCtx.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

然后您可以根据需要使用 SSLContext 创建套接字工厂。它们将使用适当的 key 和证书进行初始化。

关于android - Android 上的两种方式 SSL 身份验证，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17348259/