目录

• HC32L110(一) HC32L110芯片介绍和Win10下的烧录
• HC32L110(二) HC32L110在Ubuntu下的烧录
• HC32L110(三) HC32L110的GCC工具链和VSCode开发环境
• HC32L110(四) HC32L110的startup启动文件和ld连接脚本
• HC32L110(五) Ubuntu20.04 VSCode的Debug环境配置

本文介绍在Ubuntu20.04下, VSCode中如何设置对 HC32L110 进行 debug

仓库地址: https://github.com/IOsetting/hc32l110-template

如果转载, 请注明出处.

环境说明

本文使用的软硬件环境已经在前面介绍

硬件

• 基于 HC32L110 系列MCU的开发板
• JLink OB

软件

• Ubuntu20.04
• VSCode

配置步骤

安装配置 Cortex-Debug

在VSCode的插件中, 搜索安装Cortex-Debug

在VSCode中, 切换到Run And Debug, 点击上方的 Add Configuration, 会在 .vscode 目录下的 launch.json (如果没有会自动创建)中添加配置, 需要增加对应的配置信息

"configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Cortex Debug",
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "executable": "${workspaceFolder}/Build/app.elf",
            "request": "launch",        // 可以是launch或attach, 后者表示运行中接入, 前者会执行前置任务并重启
            "type": "cortex-debug",
            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
            "servertype": "jlink",
            "device": "HC32L110X4",     // 如果是32K的版本, 需要修改为 HC32L110X6
            "interface": "swd",
            "runToMain": true,          // false则从 reset handler 开始停留
            "preLaunchTask": "build",   // 根据 tasks.json 中配置的任务填写, 
            // "preLaunchCommands": ["Build all"], // 如果不使用 preLaunchTask, 可以用这个参数指定命令行命令
            "svdFile": "",              // svd 用于观察外设
            "showDevDebugOutput": "vscode", // 输出的日志级别, parsed:解析后的内容, raw:直接输出, vscode:包含scode调用和raw
            "swoConfig":
            {
                "enabled": true,
                "cpuFrequency": 24000000,
                "swoFrequency":  4000000,
                "source": "probe",
                "decoders":
                [
                    {
                        "label": "ITM port 0 output",
                        "type": "console",
                        "port": 0,
                        "showOnStartup": true,
                        "encoding": "ascii"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]

具体的配置项含义, 可以参考 Debug Attributes

同时在 .vscode/settings.json 中增加以下配置, 如果文件不存在则创建. 路径根据自己的环境修改

{
    "cortex-debug.gdbPath": "/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb",
    "cortex-debug.JLinkGDBServerPath": "/opt/SEGGER/JLink/JLinkGDBServerCLExe",
}

修改 rules.mk

在rules.mk中开启debug, 涉及到两处, OPT要使用-O0, 表示不执行任何优化. 使用优化后代码中的部分变量在编译后会被丢弃无法跟踪

OPT         ?= -O0

在CFLAGS中增加gdb输出

CFLAGS      += -g -gdwarf-2 # original: -g

这样编译后, 尺寸会比原先大不少

Ubuntu20.04下遇到的问题

以上配置后, 点击 Run And Debug 中的绿色运行图标应该就能启动Debug, 但是可能在看到以下输出后就没有反应了

Reading symbols from /opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-objdump --syms -C -h -w /home/milton/Stm32Projects/hc32_workspace/hc32l110-template/Build/app.elf
Reading symbols from /opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-nm --defined-only -S -l -C -p /home/milton/Stm32Projects/hc32_workspace/hc32l110-template/Build/app.elf
Launching GDB: /opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb -q --interpreter=mi2
1-gdb-version

这时候到命令行执行一下命令/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb -q --interpreter=mi2就能看到问题

1. libncursesw.so.5: cannot open shared object file

首先是会有这样的错误输出

/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb -q --interpreter=mi2
/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: error while loading shared libraries: libncursesw.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

观察ldd可以看到缺少两个so: libncursesw.so.5, libpython3.6m.so.1.0

ldd /opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc82998000)
    libncursesw.so.5 => not found
    libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007f326ba1e000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f326ba18000)
    libpython3.6m.so.1.0 => not found
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f326b9f5000)
    libutil.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1 (0x00007f326b9f0000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f326b89f000)
    libexpat.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007f326b871000)
    libstdc++.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f326b68f000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f326b674000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f326b482000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f326ba6e000)

libncursesw.so.5可以通过安装 libncursesw5 可以解决

sudo apt install libncursesw5

2. libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file

这样就剩下另一个动态连接库无法找到

/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb -q --interpreter=mi2
/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

但是 Ubuntu20.04 自带的 Python3.8, 无法安装 Python3.6

~$ sudo apt-get install libpython3.6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'libpython3.6-stdlib' for regex 'libpython3.6'
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.

简单粗暴的解决方法就是直接用3.8的代替

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
$ ll libpython*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      19 Jul  1 20:27 libpython2.7.so.1 -> libpython2.7.so.1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3455600 Jul  1 20:27 libpython2.7.so.1.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      55 Jun 23 04:18 libpython3.8.a -> ../python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      17 Jun 23 04:18 libpython3.8.so -> libpython3.8.so.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      19 Jun 23 04:18 libpython3.8.so.1 -> libpython3.8.so.1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5449112 Jun 23 04:18 libpython3.8.so.1.0
$ sudo ln -s libpython3.8.so.1.0 libpython3.6m.so.1.0

这时候再运行就可以启动了

$ /opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb -q --interpreter=mi2
/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: Symbol `PyBool_Type' has different size in shared object, consider re-linking
/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: Symbol `PySlice_Type' has different size in shared object, consider re-linking
/opt/gcc-arm/gcc-arm-11.2-2022.02-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: Symbol `PyFloat_Type' has different size in shared object, consider re-linking
=thread-group-added,id="i1"
(gdb)

Ubuntu22.04下的问题

Ubuntu22.04使用的python3版本是python3.10, 使用上面的方法直接链接为3.6m已经无法使用. 需要使用新的arm gcc版本.
从 https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/arm-gnu-toolchain-downloads 下载 arm-gnu-toolchain-11.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz. 这个版本使用的是 python3.8.
解压后查看gdb版本, 会提示这样的错误

/opt/gcc-arm/arm-gnu-toolchain-11.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb --version

Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Python path configuration:
  PYTHONHOME = (not set)
  PYTHONPATH = (not set)
  program name = '/usr/local/bld-tools/bld-tools-virtual-env/bin/python'
  isolated = 0
  environment = 1
  user site = 1
  import site = 1
  sys._base_executable = '/usr/local/bld-tools/bld-tools-virtual-env/bin/python'
  sys.base_prefix = '/usr'
  sys.base_exec_prefix = '/usr'
  sys.executable = '/usr/local/bld-tools/bld-tools-virtual-env/bin/python'
  sys.prefix = '/usr'
  sys.exec_prefix = '/usr'
  sys.path = [
    '/usr/lib/python38.zip',
    '/usr/lib/python3.8',
    '/usr/lib/lib-dynload',
  ]
Fatal Python error: init_fs_encoding: failed to get the Python codec of the filesystem encoding
Python runtime state: core initialized
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

Current thread 0x00007faa8ac87c00 (most recent call first):
<no Python frame>

可以通过ppa直接安装python3.8

# 添加仓库
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
# 安装, 不会替代系统的python3.10
sudo apt install python3.8
# 检查版本
python3.8 --version

再次查看gdb version就不再提示错误信息

/opt/gcc-arm/arm-gnu-toolchain-11.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb --version

GNU gdb (Arm GNU Toolchain 11.3.Rel1) 12.1.90.20220802-git
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

和 MRS Linux_x64_V1.60 携带的libtinfo.so.5 冲突的问题

在 Ubuntu22.04下, 安装 MRS Linux_x64_V1.60 需要将 libtinfo.so.5 复制到 /usr/lib, 但是这样会导致公版的 arm-none-eabi-gdb无法使用, 具体错误为

s:~$ /opt/gcc-arm/arm-gnu-toolchain-11.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb --version
/opt/gcc-arm/arm-gnu-toolchain-11.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: /usr/lib/wch/libtinfo.so.5: version `NCURSES_TINFO_6.2.20211010' not found (required by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncursesw.so.5)

$ /opt/gcc-arm/arm-gnu-toolchain-12.2.mpacbti-bet1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb --version
/opt/gcc-arm/arm-gnu-toolchain-12.2.mpacbti-bet1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb: /usr/lib/wch/libtinfo.so.5: version `NCURSES_TINFO_6.2.20211010' not found (required by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncursesw.so.5)

删除 /usr/lib/wch/libtinfo.so.5 并运行ldconfig后工作正常.

使用

点击 Run And Debug 中的绿色运行图标启动Debug, F10 下一步, F11 进入, Shift + F11 跳出. 左侧能观察到变量值和寄存器值. 操作方法和其它IDE基本一致.

参考

• Cortex-Debug Wiki https://github.com/Marus/cortex-debug/wiki

• Matej Blagšič: Debugging STM32 in VSCODE with stlink and jlink https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2Kf6RbdrIs

  • GitHub Project https://github.com/prtzl/Embedded_videos/tree/master/045_BUILDING-PT4/test-f407vg

• Cortex-Debug 参数说明 https://github.com/Marus/cortex-debug/blob/master/debug_attributes.md

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64491112/libncursesw-so-5-is-installed-but-a-program-that-needs-it-says-no-such-file-or

• libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory https://github.com/JacquesLucke/animation_nodes/issues/906

• How to install libpython3.6m.so.1.0 on ubuntu 20.04 https://askubuntu.com/questions/1404248/how-to-install-libpython3-6m-so-1-0-on-ubuntu-20-04