我一直在研究早期 90's adventure games 的 JavaScript 实现。并特别绘制一条从英雄站立的地方到玩家点击的位置的路径。我的方法是首先确定是否可以绘制一条海峡线(没有障碍物),如果不能,则使用 Brian Grinstead's 搜索一条清晰的航路点路径。优秀 javascript-astar .然而,我面临的问题是路径(而优化将转向用户认为无意的空间。这是我正在谈论的一个经典示例(绿色路径是生成的路径,红点是路径方向改变的每个转弯处):

现在我知道 A* 只能保证返回一条不能更简单的路径(就步骤而言),但我正在努力实现权重转换的启发式方法。这是一张图片,显示了另外两条同样简单的路径(步骤数相同)

蓝色路径的步数和转弯数相同,而红色路径的步数和转弯数相同。在我的代码中,我有一个 simplifyPath()删除方向改变的步骤的函数,所以如果我能从 astar 获得所有可能的路径然后我可以选择转弯次数最少的那个,但这不是A*基本上有效,所以我正在寻找一种将简单性融入启发式的方法。
这是我当前的代码:
var img,
field = document.getElementById('field'),
EngineBuilder = function(field, size) {
var context = field.getContext("2d"),
graphSettings = { size: size, mid: Math.ceil(size/2)},
engine = {
getPosition: function(event) {
var bounds = field.getBoundingClientRect(),
x = Math.floor(((event.clientX - bounds.left)/field.clientWidth)*field.width),
y = Math.floor(((event.clientY - bounds.top)/field.clientHeight)*field.height),
node = graph.grid[Math.floor(y/graphSettings.size)][Math.floor(x/graphSettings.size)];
return {
x: x,
y: y,
node: node
}
},
drawObstructions: function() {
context.clearRect (0, 0, 320, 200);
if(img) {
context.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
} else {
context.fillStyle = 'rgb(0, 0, 0)';
context.fillRect(200, 100, 50, 50);
context.fillRect(0, 100, 50, 50);
context.fillRect(100, 100, 50, 50);
context.fillRect(0, 50, 150, 50);
}
},
simplifyPath: function(start, complexPath, end) {
var previous = complexPath[1], simplePath = [start, {x:(previous.y*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid, y:(previous.x*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid}], i, classification, previousClassification;
for(i = 1; i < (complexPath.length - 1); i++) {
classification = (complexPath[i].x-previous.x).toString()+':'+(complexPath[i].y-previous.y).toString();
if(classification !== previousClassification) {
simplePath.push({x:(complexPath[i].y*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid, y:(complexPath[i].x*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid});
} else {
simplePath[simplePath.length-1]={x:(complexPath[i].y*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid, y:(complexPath[i].x*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid};
}
previous = complexPath[i];
previousClassification = classification;
}
simplePath.push(end);
return simplePath;
},
drawPath: function(start, end) {
var path, step, next;
if(this.isPathClear(start, end)) {
this.drawLine(start, end);
} else {
path = this.simplifyPath(start, astar.search(graph, start.node, end.node), end);
if(path.length > 1) {
step = path[0];
for(next = 1; next < path.length; next++) {
this.drawLine(step, path[next]);
step = path[next];
}
}
}
},
drawLine: function(start, end) {
var x = start.x,
y = start.y,
dx = Math.abs(end.x - start.x),
sx = start.x<end.x ? 1 : -1,
dy = -1 * Math.abs(end.y - start.y),
sy = start.y<end.y ? 1 : -1,
err = dx+dy,
e2, pixel;
for(;;) {
pixel = context.getImageData(x, y, 1, 1).data[3];
if(pixel === 255) {
context.fillStyle = 'rgb(255, 0, 0)';
} else {
context.fillStyle = 'rgb(0, 255, 0)';
}
context.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);
if(x === end.x && y === end.y) {
break;
} else {
e2 = 2 * err;
if(e2 >= dy) {
err += dy;
x += sx;
}
if(e2 <= dx) {
err += dx;
y += sy;
}
}
}
},
isPathClear: function(start, end) {
var x = start.x,
y = start.y,
dx = Math.abs(end.x - start.x),
sx = start.x<end.x ? 1 : -1,
dy = -1 * Math.abs(end.y - start.y),
sy = start.y<end.y ? 1 : -1,
err = dx+dy,
e2, pixel;
for(;;) {
pixel = context.getImageData(x, y, 1, 1).data[3];
if(pixel === 255) {
return false;
}
if(x === end.x && y === end.y) {
return true;
} else {
e2 = 2 * err;
if(e2 >= dy) {
err += dy;
x += sx;
}
if(e2 <= dx) {
err += dx;
y += sy;
}
}
}
}
}, graph;
engine.drawObstructions();
graph = (function() {
var x, y, rows = [], cols, js = '[';
for(y = 0; y < 200; y += graphSettings.size) {
cols = [];
for(x = 0; x < 320; x += graphSettings.size) {
cols.push(context.getImageData(x+graphSettings.mid, y+graphSettings.mid, 1, 1).data[3] === 255 ? 0 : 1);
}
js += '['+cols+'],\n';
rows.push(cols);
}
js = js.substring(0, js.length - 2);
js += ']';
document.getElementById('Graph').value=js;
return new Graph(rows, { diagonal: true });
})();
return engine;
}, start, end, engine = EngineBuilder(field, 10);
field.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
var position = engine.getPosition(event);
if(!start) {
start = position;
} else {
end = position;
}
if(start && end) {
engine.drawObstructions();
engine.drawPath(start, end);
start = end;
}
}, false); #field {
border: thin black solid;
width: 98%;
background: #FFFFC7;
}
#Graph {
width: 98%;
height: 300px;
overflow-y: scroll;
} <script src="http://jason.sperske.com/adventure/astar.js"></script>
<code>Click on any 2 points on white spaces and a path will be drawn</code>
<canvas id='field' height
='200' width='320'></canvas>
<textarea id='Graph' wrap='off'></textarea>simplifyPath() 中函数)( demo ):simplifyPath: function(start, complexPath, end) {
var previous = complexPath[1],
simplePath = [start, {x:(previous.y*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid, y:(previous.x*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid}],
i,
finalPath = [simplePath[0]],
classification,
previousClassification;
for(i = 1; i < (complexPath.length - 1); i++) {
classification = (complexPath[i].x-previous.x).toString()+':'+(complexPath[i].y-previous.y).toString();
if(classification !== previousClassification) {
simplePath.push({x:(complexPath[i].y*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid, y:(complexPath[i].x*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid});
} else {
simplePath[simplePath.length-1]={x:(complexPath[i].y*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid, y:(complexPath[i].x*graphSettings.size)+graphSettings.mid};
}
previous = complexPath[i];
previousClassification = classification;
}
simplePath.push(end);
previous = simplePath[0];
for(i = 2; i < simplePath.length; i++) {
if(!this.isPathClear(previous, simplePath[i])) {
finalPath.push(simplePath[i-1]);
previous = simplePath[i-1];
}
}
finalPath.push(end);
return finalPath;
}
最佳答案
非常非常有趣的问题!谢谢这个问题!所以......首先进行一些观察:
不允许对 Angular 移动解决了这个问题,但由于您对对 Angular 移动感兴趣,我不得不进行更多搜索。
我查看了路径简化算法,例如:
Ramer Douglas Peuker
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramer%E2%80%93Douglas%E2%80%93Peucker_algorithm )
和一个实现:https://gist.github.com/rhyolight/2846020 .
我在您的代码中添加了一个实现,但没有成功。该算法没有考虑障碍,因此很难对其进行调整。
我想知道如果您使用 Dijkstra 而不是 A* 或者如果您使用“一对节点之间的所有最短路径”算法,然后通过增加方向变化对它们进行排序,那么行为会是什么(对于对 Angular 线运动)。
在这里阅读了一些关于 A* 的内容后 http://buildnewgames.com/astar/我认为您使用的A-star的实现是问题或启发式。我在您的代码的 a-star 上尝试了所有启发式方法,包括我自己编写的欧几里得方法,并且还尝试了 http://buildnewgames.com/astar 中的所有启发式方法代码不幸的是,所有允许启发式的对 Angular 线都遇到了您所描述的相同问题。
我开始使用他们的代码,因为它是一个一对一的网格,而你的代码给我带来了绘图问题。我试图删除的simplePath 也导致了其他问题。你必须记住,因为
您正在重新映射这可能是基于此的问题
var path = A-star();
for each node in path {
check all following nodes till some lookahead limit
if you find two nodes in the same row but not column or in the same column but not row {
var nodesToBeStraightened = push all nodes to be "straightened"
break the loop;
}
skip loop index to the next node after zig-zag
}
if nodesToBeStraightened length is at least 3 AND
nodesToBeStraightened nodes don't form a line AND
the resulting Straight line after simplification doesn't hit an obstruction
var straightenedPath = straighten by getting the first and last elements of nodesToBeStraightened and using their coordinates accordingly
return straightenedPath;

var img,
field = document.getElementById('field'),
EngineBuilder = function(field, size) {
var context = field.getContext("2d"),
graphSettings = { size: size, mid: Math.ceil(size/2)},
engine = {
//[...] missing code
removeZigZag: function(currentPath,lookahead){
//for each of the squares on the path - see lookahead more squares and check if it is in the path
for (var i=0; i<currentPath.length; i++){
var toBeStraightened = [];
for (var j=i; j<lookahead+i+1 && j<currentPath.length; j++){
var startIndexToStraighten = i;
var endIndexToStraighten = i+1;
//check if the one from lookahead has the same x xor the same y with one later node in the path
//and they are not on the same line
if(
(currentPath[i].x == currentPath[j].x && currentPath[i].y != currentPath[j].y) ||
(currentPath[i].x == currentPath[j].y && currentPath[i].x != currentPath[j].x)
) {
endIndexToStraighten = j;
//now that we found something between i and j push it to be straightened
for (var k = startIndexToStraighten; k<=endIndexToStraighten; k++){
toBeStraightened.push(currentPath[k]);
}
//skip the loop forward
i = endIndexToStraighten-1;
break;
}
}
if (toBeStraightened.length>=3
&& !this.formsALine(toBeStraightened)
&& !this.lineWillGoThroughObstructions(currentPath[startIndexToStraighten], currentPath[endIndexToStraighten],this.graph?????)
){
//straightening:
this.straightenLine(currentPath, startIndexToStraighten, endIndexToStraighten);
}
}
return currentPath;
},
straightenLine: function(currentPath,fromIndex,toIndex){
for (var l=fromIndex; l<=toIndex; l++){
if (currentPath[fromIndex].x == currentPath[toIndex].x){
currentPath[l].x = currentPath[fromIndex].x;
}
else if (currentPath[fromIndex].y == currentPath[toIndex].y){
currentPath[l].y = currentPath[fromIndex].y;
}
}
},
lineWillGoThroughObstructions: function(point1, point2, graph){
var minX = Math.min(point1.x,point2.x);
var maxX = Math.max(point1.x,point2.x);
var minY = Math.min(point1.y,point2.y);
var maxY = Math.max(point1.y,point2.y);
//same row
if (point1.y == point2.y){
for (var i=minX; i<=maxX && i<graph.length; i++){
if (graph[i][point1.y] == 1){ //obstacle
return true;
}
}
}
//same column
if (point1.x == point2.x){
for (var i=minY; i<=maxY && i<graph[0].length; i++){
if (graph[point1.x][i] == 1){ //obstacle
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
},
formsALine: function(pointsArray){
//only horizontal or vertical
if (!pointsArray || (pointsArray && pointsArray.length<1)){
return false;
}
var firstY = pointsArray[0].y;
var lastY = pointsArray[pointsArray.length-1].y;
var firstX = pointsArray[0].x;
var lastX = pointsArray[pointsArray.length-1].x;
//vertical line
if (firstY == lastY){
for (var i=0; i<pointsArray.length; i++){
if (pointsArray[i].y!=firstY){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
//horizontal line
else if (firstX == lastX){
for (var i=0; i<pointsArray.length; i++){
if (pointsArray[i].x!=firstX){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
//[...] missing code
}
//[...] missing code
}
result = removeZigZag(result,7);








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