我尝试使用 brew 设置在 Mac OS 中运行 Hadoop .下面提供了所采取的步骤，

1. 安装hadoop使用命令 $brew install hadoop

2. 文件夹内 usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/etc/hadoop并在文件 hadoop-env.sh 中添加命令,

   export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.security.krb5.realm= -Djava.security.krb5.kdc=" export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_151.jdk/Contents/Home"

最后，文件如下所示，

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.

##
## THIS FILE ACTS AS THE MASTER FILE FOR ALL HADOOP PROJECTS.
## SETTINGS HERE WILL BE READ BY ALL HADOOP COMMANDS.  THEREFORE,
## ONE CAN USE THIS FILE TO SET YARN, HDFS, AND MAPREDUCE
## CONFIGURATION OPTIONS INSTEAD OF xxx-env.sh.
##
## Precedence rules:
##
## {yarn-env.sh|hdfs-env.sh} > hadoop-env.sh > hard-coded defaults
##
## {YARN_xyz|HDFS_xyz} > HADOOP_xyz > hard-coded defaults
##

# Many of the options here are built from the perspective that users
# may want to provide OVERWRITING values on the command line.
# For example:
#
#  JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/testing hdfs dfs -ls
#
# Therefore, the vast majority (BUT NOT ALL!) of these defaults
# are configured for substitution and not append.  If append
# is preferable, modify this file accordingly.

###
# Generic settings for HADOOP
###

# Technically, the only required environment variable is JAVA_HOME.
# All others are optional.  However, the defaults are probably not
# preferred.  Many sites configure these options outside of Hadoop,
# such as in /etc/profile.d

# The java implementation to use. By default, this environment
# variable is REQUIRED on ALL platforms except OS X!
# export JAVA_HOME=

# Location of Hadoop.  By default, Hadoop will attempt to determine
# this location based upon its execution path.
# export HADOOP_HOME=

# Location of Hadoop's configuration information.  i.e., where this
# file is living. If this is not defined, Hadoop will attempt to
# locate it based upon its execution path.
#
# NOTE: It is recommend that this variable not be set here but in
# /etc/profile.d or equivalent.  Some options (such as
# --config) may react strangely otherwise.
#
# export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop

# The maximum amount of heap to use (Java -Xmx).  If no unit
# is provided, it will be converted to MB.  Daemons will
# prefer any Xmx setting in their respective _OPT variable.
# There is no default; the JVM will autoscale based upon machine
# memory size.
# export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE_MAX=

# The minimum amount of heap to use (Java -Xms).  If no unit
# is provided, it will be converted to MB.  Daemons will
# prefer any Xms setting in their respective _OPT variable.
# There is no default; the JVM will autoscale based upon machine
# memory size.
# export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE_MIN=

# Enable extra debugging of Hadoop's JAAS binding, used to set up
# Kerberos security.
# export HADOOP_JAAS_DEBUG=true

# Extra Java runtime options for all Hadoop commands. We don't support
# IPv6 yet/still, so by default the preference is set to IPv4.
# export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"
# For Kerberos debugging, an extended option set logs more invormation
# export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dsun.security.krb5.debug=true -Dsun.security.spnego.debug"
export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.security.krb5.realm= -Djava.security.krb5.kdc="
export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_151.jdk/Contents/Home"


# Some parts of the shell code may do special things dependent upon
# the operating system.  We have to set this here. See the next
# section as to why....
export HADOOP_OS_TYPE=${HADOOP_OS_TYPE:-$(uname -s)}


# Under certain conditions, Java on OS X will throw SCDynamicStore errors
# in the system logs.
# See HADOOP-8719 for more information.  If one needs Kerberos
# support on OS X, one will want to change/remove this extra bit.
case ${HADOOP_OS_TYPE} in
  Darwin*)
    export HADOOP_OPTS="${HADOOP_OPTS} -Djava.security.krb5.realm= "
    export HADOOP_OPTS="${HADOOP_OPTS} -Djava.security.krb5.kdc= "
    export HADOOP_OPTS="${HADOOP_OPTS} -Djava.security.krb5.conf= "
  ;;
esac

# Extra Java runtime options for some Hadoop commands
# and clients (i.e., hdfs dfs -blah).  These get appended to HADOOP_OPTS for
# such commands.  In most cases, # this should be left empty and
# let users supply it on the command line.
# export HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS=""

#
# A note about classpaths.
#
# By default, Apache Hadoop overrides Java's CLASSPATH
# environment variable.  It is configured such
# that it sarts out blank with new entries added after passing
# a series of checks (file/dir exists, not already listed aka
# de-deduplication).  During de-depulication, wildcards and/or
# directories are *NOT* expanded to keep it simple. Therefore,
# if the computed classpath has two specific mentions of
# awesome-methods-1.0.jar, only the first one added will be seen.
# If two directories are in the classpath that both contain
# awesome-methods-1.0.jar, then Java will pick up both versions.

# An additional, custom CLASSPATH. Site-wide configs should be
# handled via the shellprofile functionality, utilizing the
# hadoop_add_classpath function for greater control and much
# harder for apps/end-users to accidentally override.
# Similarly, end users should utilize ${HOME}/.hadooprc .
# This variable should ideally only be used as a short-cut,
# interactive way for temporary additions on the command line.
# export HADOOP_CLASSPATH="/some/cool/path/on/your/machine"

# Should HADOOP_CLASSPATH be first in the official CLASSPATH?
# export HADOOP_USER_CLASSPATH_FIRST="yes"

# If HADOOP_USE_CLIENT_CLASSLOADER is set, the classpath along
# with the main jar are handled by a separate isolated
# client classloader when 'hadoop jar', 'yarn jar', or 'mapred job'
# is utilized. If it is set, HADOOP_CLASSPATH and
# HADOOP_USER_CLASSPATH_FIRST are ignored.
# export HADOOP_USE_CLIENT_CLASSLOADER=true

# HADOOP_CLIENT_CLASSLOADER_SYSTEM_CLASSES overrides the default definition of
# system classes for the client classloader when HADOOP_USE_CLIENT_CLASSLOADER
# is enabled. Names ending in '.' (period) are treated as package names, and
# names starting with a '-' are treated as negative matches. For example,
# export HADOOP_CLIENT_CLASSLOADER_SYSTEM_CLASSES="-org.apache.hadoop.UserClass,java.,javax.,org.apache.hadoop."

# Enable optional, bundled Hadoop features
# This is a comma delimited list.  It may NOT be overridden via .hadooprc
# Entries may be added/removed as needed.
# export HADOOP_OPTIONAL_TOOLS="hadoop-openstack,hadoop-aliyun,hadoop-azure,hadoop-azure-datalake,hadoop-aws,hadoop-kafka"

###
# Options for remote shell connectivity
###

# There are some optional components of hadoop that allow for
# command and control of remote hosts.  For example,
# start-dfs.sh will attempt to bring up all NNs, DNS, etc.

# Options to pass to SSH when one of the "log into a host and
# start/stop daemons" scripts is executed
# export HADOOP_SSH_OPTS="-o BatchMode=yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o ConnectTimeout=10s"

# The built-in ssh handler will limit itself to 10 simultaneous connections.
# For pdsh users, this sets the fanout size ( -f )
# Change this to increase/decrease as necessary.
# export HADOOP_SSH_PARALLEL=10

# Filename which contains all of the hosts for any remote execution
# helper scripts # such as workers.sh, start-dfs.sh, etc.
# export HADOOP_WORKERS="${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/workers"

###
# Options for all daemons
###
#

#
# Many options may also be specified as Java properties.  It is
# very common, and in many cases, desirable, to hard-set these
# in daemon _OPTS variables.  Where applicable, the appropriate
# Java property is also identified.  Note that many are re-used
# or set differently in certain contexts (e.g., secure vs
# non-secure)
#

# Where (primarily) daemon log files are stored.
# ${HADOOP_HOME}/logs by default.
# Java property: hadoop.log.dir
# export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/logs

# A string representing this instance of hadoop. $USER by default.
# This is used in writing log and pid files, so keep that in mind!
# Java property: hadoop.id.str
# export HADOOP_IDENT_STRING=$USER

# How many seconds to pause after stopping a daemon
# export HADOOP_STOP_TIMEOUT=5

# Where pid files are stored.  /tmp by default.
# export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/tmp

# Default log4j setting for interactive commands
# Java property: hadoop.root.logger
# export HADOOP_ROOT_LOGGER=INFO,console

# Default log4j setting for daemons spawned explicitly by
# --daemon option of hadoop, hdfs, mapred and yarn command.
# Java property: hadoop.root.logger
# export HADOOP_DAEMON_ROOT_LOGGER=INFO,RFA

# Default log level and output location for security-related messages.
# You will almost certainly want to change this on a per-daemon basis via
# the Java property (i.e., -Dhadoop.security.logger=foo). (Note that the
# defaults for the NN and 2NN override this by default.)
# Java property: hadoop.security.logger
# export HADOOP_SECURITY_LOGGER=INFO,NullAppender

# Default process priority level
# Note that sub-processes will also run at this level!
# export HADOOP_NICENESS=0

# Default name for the service level authorization file
# Java property: hadoop.policy.file
# export HADOOP_POLICYFILE="hadoop-policy.xml"

#
# NOTE: this is not used by default!  <-----
# You can define variables right here and then re-use them later on.
# For example, it is common to use the same garbage collection settings
# for all the daemons.  So one could define:
#
# export HADOOP_GC_SETTINGS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps"
#
# .. and then use it as per the b option under the namenode.

###
# Secure/privileged execution
###

#
# Out of the box, Hadoop uses jsvc from Apache Commons to launch daemons
# on privileged ports.  This functionality can be replaced by providing
# custom functions.  See hadoop-functions.sh for more information.
#

# The jsvc implementation to use. Jsvc is required to run secure datanodes
# that bind to privileged ports to provide authentication of data transfer
# protocol.  Jsvc is not required if SASL is configured for authentication of
# data transfer protocol using non-privileged ports.
# export JSVC_HOME=/usr/bin

#
# This directory contains pids for secure and privileged processes.
#export HADOOP_SECURE_PID_DIR=${HADOOP_PID_DIR}

#
# This directory contains the logs for secure and privileged processes.
# Java property: hadoop.log.dir
# export HADOOP_SECURE_LOG=${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}

#
# When running a secure daemon, the default value of HADOOP_IDENT_STRING
# ends up being a bit bogus.  Therefore, by default, the code will
# replace HADOOP_IDENT_STRING with HADOOP_xx_SECURE_USER.  If one wants
# to keep HADOOP_IDENT_STRING untouched, then uncomment this line.
# export HADOOP_SECURE_IDENT_PRESERVE="true"

###
# NameNode specific parameters
###

# Default log level and output location for file system related change
# messages. For non-namenode daemons, the Java property must be set in
# the appropriate _OPTS if one wants something other than INFO,NullAppender
# Java property: hdfs.audit.logger
# export HDFS_AUDIT_LOGGER=INFO,NullAppender

# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the NameNode.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# a) Set JMX options
# export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=true -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1026"
#
# b) Set garbage collection logs
# export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="${HADOOP_GC_SETTINGS} -Xloggc:${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}/gc-rm.log-$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M')"
#
# c) ... or set them directly
# export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}/gc-rm.log-$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M')"

# this is the default:
# export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=INFO,RFAS"

###
# SecondaryNameNode specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the SecondaryNameNode.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# This is the default:
# export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=INFO,RFAS"

###
# DataNode specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the DataNode.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# This is the default:
# export HDFS_DATANODE_OPTS="-Dhadoop.security.logger=ERROR,RFAS"

# On secure datanodes, user to run the datanode as after dropping privileges.
# This **MUST** be uncommented to enable secure HDFS if using privileged ports
# to provide authentication of data transfer protocol.  This **MUST NOT** be
# defined if SASL is configured for authentication of data transfer protocol
# using non-privileged ports.
# This will replace the hadoop.id.str Java property in secure mode.
# export HDFS_DATANODE_SECURE_USER=hdfs

# Supplemental options for secure datanodes
# By default, Hadoop uses jsvc which needs to know to launch a
# server jvm.
# export HDFS_DATANODE_SECURE_EXTRA_OPTS="-jvm server"

###
# NFS3 Gateway specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the NFS3 Gateway.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_NFS3_OPTS=""

# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the Hadoop portmapper.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_PORTMAP_OPTS="-Xmx512m"

# Supplemental options for priviliged gateways
# By default, Hadoop uses jsvc which needs to know to launch a
# server jvm.
# export HDFS_NFS3_SECURE_EXTRA_OPTS="-jvm server"

# On privileged gateways, user to run the gateway as after dropping privileges
# This will replace the hadoop.id.str Java property in secure mode.
# export HDFS_NFS3_SECURE_USER=nfsserver

###
# ZKFailoverController specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the ZKFailoverController.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_ZKFC_OPTS=""

###
# QuorumJournalNode specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the QuorumJournalNode.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_OPTS=""

###
# HDFS Balancer specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the HDFS Balancer.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_BALANCER_OPTS=""

###
# HDFS Mover specific parameters
###
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the HDFS Mover.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_MOVER_OPTS=""

###
# Router-based HDFS Federation specific parameters
# Specify the JVM options to be used when starting the RBF Routers.
# These options will be appended to the options specified as HADOOP_OPTS
# and therefore may override any similar flags set in HADOOP_OPTS
#
# export HDFS_DFSROUTER_OPTS=""
###

###
# Advanced Users Only!
###

#
# When building Hadoop, one can add the class paths to the commands
# via this special env var:
# export HADOOP_ENABLE_BUILD_PATHS="true"

#
# To prevent accidents, shell commands be (superficially) locked
# to only allow certain users to execute certain subcommands.
# It uses the format of (command)_(subcommand)_USER.
#


# For example, to limit who can execute the namenode command,
# export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=hdfs

1. 配置HDFS地址和端口号，打开core-site.xml , 在<configuration></configuration>中输入以下内容标记，

   <configuration> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/hdfs/tmp</value> <description>A base for other temporary directories. </description> </property> <property> <name>fs.default.name</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:8020</value> </property> </configuration>

2. 在map-reduce中配置jobtracker地址和端口号, 第一 sudo cp mapred-site.xml mapred-site.xml.template复制 mapred-site.xml , 然后打开 mapred-site.xml , 添加

   <configuration>
     <property>
       <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
       <value>localhost:8021</value>
      </property>
   </configuration>
   

3. 设置HDFS默认备份，默认值为3，我们应该改为1，打开hdfs-site.xml , 添加

   <configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> </configuration>

4. 首先格式化安装的HDFS，执行命令hdfs namenode -format

在该过程结束时，我输入内部 /usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/sbin并尝试运行 hadoop，

$ ./start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: Permission denied (publickey,password,keyboard-interactive).
Starting datanodes
localhost: Permission denied (publickey,password,keyboard-interactive).
Starting secondary namenodes [macs-MacBook-Pro.local]
macs-MacBook-Pro.local: Permission denied (publickey,password,keyboard-interactive).
2018-08-12 17:31:38,503 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

看来我必须以 root 身份运行并尝试使用

$sudo ./start-dfs.sh

Starting namenodes on [localhost]
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs namenode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_NAMENODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting datanodes
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs datanode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_DATANODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
Starting secondary namenodes [macs-MacBook-Pro.local]
ERROR: Attempting to operate on hdfs secondarynamenode as root
ERROR: but there is no HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER defined. Aborting operation.
2018-08-12 17:48:27,172 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

我觉得问题出在没有 HDFS_NAMENODE_USER定义。我查看了 Google 并在文件 hadoop-env.sh 的末尾添加了以下文件

export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER="root"
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER="root"
export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER="root"
export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER="root"
export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER="root"

稍后，我再次运行 $sudo ./start-dfs.sh并获得成功，

Starting namenodes on [localhost]
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 398: syntax error near unexpected token `<'
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 398: `  done < <(for text in "${input[@]}"; do'
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 70: hadoop_deprecate_envvar: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 87: hadoop_bootstrap: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 104: hadoop_parse_args: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 105: shift: : numeric argument required
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 244: hadoop_need_reexec: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 252: hadoop_verify_user_perm: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/hdfs: line 213: hadoop_validate_classname: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/hdfs: line 214: hadoop_exit_with_usage: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 263: hadoop_add_client_opts: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 270: hadoop_subcommand_opts: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 273: hadoop_generic_java_subcmd_handler: command not found
Starting datanodes
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 398: syntax error near unexpected token `<'
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 398: `  done < <(for text in "${input[@]}"; do'
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 70: hadoop_deprecate_envvar: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 87: hadoop_bootstrap: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 104: hadoop_parse_args: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 105: shift: : numeric argument required
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 244: hadoop_need_reexec: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 252: hadoop_verify_user_perm: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/hdfs: line 213: hadoop_validate_classname: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/hdfs: line 214: hadoop_exit_with_usage: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 263: hadoop_add_client_opts: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 270: hadoop_subcommand_opts: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 273: hadoop_generic_java_subcmd_handler: command not found
Starting secondary namenodes [macs-MacBook-Pro.local]
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 398: syntax error near unexpected token `<'
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-functions.sh: line 398: `  done < <(for text in "${input[@]}"; do'
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 70: hadoop_deprecate_envvar: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 87: hadoop_bootstrap: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 104: hadoop_parse_args: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 105: shift: : numeric argument required
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 244: hadoop_need_reexec: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 252: hadoop_verify_user_perm: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/hdfs: line 213: hadoop_validate_classname: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/hdfs: line 214: hadoop_exit_with_usage: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 263: hadoop_add_client_opts: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 270: hadoop_subcommand_opts: command not found
/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0/libexec/bin/../libexec/hadoop-config.sh: line 273: hadoop_generic_java_subcmd_handler: command not found
2018-08-12 17:49:46,943 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

在这一点上，我不知道需要做什么。我感谢经验丰富的 Hadoop 开发人员的建议。我用 High Sierra OS并在机器中安装了 Java 8。

$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_151"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)

最佳答案

伪分布式Hadoop设置(Mac OS)

一个。 brew 搜索 hadoop

B.转到 hadoop 基本目录，usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0_1/libexec/etc/hadoop 在此文件夹下，需要修改这些文件:

(一)。 hadoop-env.sh

改变自

export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"
export JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/libexec/java_home)"

到

export HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.security.krb5.realm= -Djava.security.krb5.kdc="
export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_151.jdk/Contents/Home"

(二)。 core-site.xml

然后配置HDFS地址和端口号，打开core-site.xml，在配置标签中输入以下内容

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
 <configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/hdfs/tmp</value>
        <description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:8020</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

(iii)。 mapred-site.xml

配置MapReduce使用YARN，先将mapred-site.xml.template复制到mapred-site.xml，打开mapred-site.xml，添加

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.env</name>
        <value>HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/Users/Masser/hadoop</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.map.env</name>
        <value>HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/Users/Masser/hadoop</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.reduce.env</name>
        <value>HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/Users/Masser/hadoop</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

(四)。 hdfs-site.xml

设置HDFS默认备份，默认值为3，我们应该改为1，打开hdfs-site.xml，添加

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
</configuration> 

(五)。 yarn-site.xml

遍历org.apache.hadoop.yarn.exceptions.InvalidAuxServiceException:auxService:mapreduce_shuffle不存在，我们需要修改文件，

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

C.设置无密码的 SSH 并授权生成 SSH key :

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' 
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

最后，在(系统偏好设置->共享)中启用远程登录，只需点击“远程登录”即可。

在本地主机上测试 ssh:它不应该提示输入密码

$ ssh localhost

Last login: Fri Aug 17 12:08:08 2018

D.在启动 Hadoop 守护进程之前，使用以下命令格式化分布式文件系统。这样我们就可以在执行map-reduce作业的同时将我们的数据源放入hdfs文件系统

$ hdfs namenode -format

E.我们需要提供别名来启动和停止 Hadoop 守护进程。为此，我们编辑 ~/.bash_profile 并添加

alias hstart="/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0_1/sbin/start-all.sh"
alias hstop="/usr/local/Cellar/hadoop/3.1.0_1/sbin/stop-all.sh"

$ source ~/.bash_profile

设置检查

我。使用别名启动 hadoop

$ hstart

二。 Hadoop NameNode 默认在端口 9870 上启动。在端口 9870 上访问您的服务器:

http://本地主机:9870/

三。访问8042端口获取集群和所有应用的信息:

http://本地主机:8042/

四。访问端口 9864 以获取有关您的 Hadoop 节点的详细信息:

http://localhost:9864/datanode.html

诉。使用别名停止 hadoop

$ hstop

关于java - 在 Mac OS 中运行 hadoop，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51808588/