我正在尝试为一段 python 代码编写单元测试，该代码在某些条件下通过 logger.warn('...') 发出警告。我如何断言此警告已被记录？我注意到 assertLogged 至少在 Python 3.4 之前不可用，不幸的是我在 2.7 中。

最佳答案

Python 3.4 添加到 unittest 正是该功能。参见 TestCase.assertLogs . API 非常易于使用:

with self.assertLogs('foo', level='INFO') as cm:
   logging.getLogger('foo').info('first message')
   logging.getLogger('foo.bar').error('second message')
self.assertEqual(cm.output, ['INFO:foo:first message',
                             'ERROR:foo.bar:second message'])

现在，这个问题被标记为 python2.7，但它会在搜索 python + unittest + logging 的类似标题时显示。将该功能反向移植到 Python2.7 非常容易，所以这里是:

# logger_test.py 
# this file contains the base class containing the newly added method
# assertLogs
import collections
import logging
_LoggingWatcher = collections.namedtuple("_LoggingWatcher",
                                         ["records", "output"])

class _BaseTestCaseContext(object):

    def __init__(self, test_case):
        self.test_case = test_case

    def _raiseFailure(self, standardMsg):
        msg = self.test_case._formatMessage(self.msg, standardMsg)
        raise self.test_case.failureException(msg)


class _CapturingHandler(logging.Handler):
    """
    A logging handler capturing all (raw and formatted) logging output.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        logging.Handler.__init__(self)
        self.watcher = _LoggingWatcher([], [])

    def flush(self):
        pass

    def emit(self, record):
        self.watcher.records.append(record)
        msg = self.format(record)
        self.watcher.output.append(msg)


class _AssertLogsContext(_BaseTestCaseContext):
    """A context manager used to implement TestCase.assertLogs()."""

    LOGGING_FORMAT = "%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s"

    def __init__(self, test_case, logger_name, level):
        _BaseTestCaseContext.__init__(self, test_case)
        self.logger_name = logger_name
        if level:
            self.level = logging._levelNames.get(level, level)
        else:
            self.level = logging.INFO
        self.msg = None

    def __enter__(self):
        if isinstance(self.logger_name, logging.Logger):
            logger = self.logger = self.logger_name
        else:
            logger = self.logger = logging.getLogger(self.logger_name)
        formatter = logging.Formatter(self.LOGGING_FORMAT)
        handler = _CapturingHandler()
        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
        self.watcher = handler.watcher
        self.old_handlers = logger.handlers[:]
        self.old_level = logger.level
        self.old_propagate = logger.propagate
        logger.handlers = [handler]
        logger.setLevel(self.level)
        logger.propagate = False
        return handler.watcher

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
        self.logger.handlers = self.old_handlers
        self.logger.propagate = self.old_propagate
        self.logger.setLevel(self.old_level)
        if exc_type is not None:
            # let unexpected exceptions pass through
            return False
        if len(self.watcher.records) == 0:
            self._raiseFailure(
                "no logs of level {} or higher triggered on {}"
                .format(logging.getLevelName(self.level), self.logger.name))


class LogTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def assertLogs(self, logger=None, level=None):
        """Fail unless a log message of level *level* or higher is emitted
        on *logger_name* or its children.  If omitted, *level* defaults to
        INFO and *logger* defaults to the root logger.

        This method must be used as a context manager, and will yield
        a recording object with two attributes: `output` and `records`.
        At the end of the context manager, the `output` attribute will
        be a list of the matching formatted log messages and the
        `records` attribute will be a list of the corresponding LogRecord
        objects.

        Example::

            with self.assertLogs('foo', level='INFO') as cm:
                logging.getLogger('foo').info('first message')
                logging.getLogger('foo.bar').error('second message')
            self.assertEqual(cm.output, ['INFO:foo:first message',
                                         'ERROR:foo.bar:second message'])
        """
        return _AssertLogsContext(self, logger, level)

现在在您的单元测试模块中您可以使用该类:

#test_my_module
from logger_test import LogTestCase

class TestMyModule(LogTestCase):

    def test_some_feature(self):
        with self.assertLogs('foo', level='INFO') as cm:
            logging.getLogger('foo').info('first message')
            logging.getLogger('foo.bar').error('second message')
        self.assertEqual(cm.output, ['INFO:foo:first message',
                         'ERROR:foo.bar:second message'])

关于Python 2.7 单元测试 : Assert logger warning thrown，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20715042/