我在使用 Visual Studio 编译这个简单程序时遇到以下错误:

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall CoList<int>::enqueue(int)" (?enqueue@?$CoList@H@@QAEXH@Z) referenced in function _main

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall CoList<int>::~CoList<int>(void)" (??1?$CoList@H@@UAE@XZ) referenced in function _main

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: int __thiscall CoList<int>::dequeue(void)" (?dequeue@?$CoList@H@@QAEHXZ) referenced in function _main

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: int __thiscall CoList<int>::count(void)" (?count@?$CoList@H@@QAEHXZ) referenced in function _main

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall CoList<int>::CoList<int>(void)" (??0?$CoList@H@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function _main

error LNK1120: 5 unresolved externals

我的程序很简单。我不使用外部库，只使用“iostream”和“exception” header ...这是完整代码:

CoList.h

#pragma once

#include "CoListItem.h"

template <class T>
class CoList
{

public:

    CoList();
    virtual ~CoList();

    void enqueue(T value);
    T dequeue();
    T *peek();
    int count();

private:
    CoListItem<T> *m_root;
    int m_count;

};

CoListItem.h

#pragma once

template <class T>
class CoListItem
{

public:

    CoListItem();
    virtual ~CoListItem();

    T value;
    CoListItem *next;

};

CoList.cpp

#include "CoList.h"
#include <exception>

template <class T>
CoList<T>::CoList()
{
}

template <class T>
CoList<T>::~CoList()
{
}

template <class T>
void CoList<T>::enqueue(T value)
{
    if (this->m_root != NULL) {
        this->m_root = new CoListItem<T>();
        this->m_root->value = value;
        this->m_root->next = NULL;
    } else {
        CoListItem<T> *tempitem = new CoListItem<T>();
        tempitem->value = value;
        tempitem->next = this->m_root;

        this->m_root = tempitem;
    }

    this->m_count++;
}

template <class T>
T CoList<T>::dequeue()
{
    if (this->m_root == NULL) {
        throw std::exception();
    } else {
        T retval = this->m_root->value;
        CoListItem *next = this->m_root->next;
        delete this->m_root;
        this->m_root = next;

        return retval;
    }
}

template <class T>
T *CoList<T>::peek()
{
    if (this->m_root == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    } else {
        return *this->dequeue();
    }
}

template <class T>
int CoList<T>::count()
{
    return this->m_count;
}

CoListItem.cpp

#include "CoListItem.h"

template <class T>
CoListItem<T>::CoListItem()
{
}


template <class T>
CoListItem<T>::~CoListItem()
{
}

最后是主要功能:

#include <iostream>
#include "CoList.h"
#include "CoListItem.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    CoList<int> list;

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        list.enqueue(i);

    cout << "Count: " << list.count() << endl;

    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        cout << "Item: " << list.dequeue() << endl;

    cout << "Count: " << list.count() << endl;

    int wait = 0;
    cin >> wait;
}

如您所见，它是一个使用链表的非常简单的队列实现...

最佳答案

函数模板(包括类模板的成员函数)的定义必须在.h 文件中，以便它们出现在使用它们的每个cpp 文件中。这就是模板的工作原理。您不能将定义放入 cpp 文件中。从技术上讲，有一个 export 关键字可以启用此功能，但由于几乎没有实现支持它，因此在新标准中将其删除。

阅读:The inclusion model

关于Visual Studio 10 上的 C++ 编译错误，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6717082/