Mac 安装 pip 看这里就够了，pip、pip2、pip3 再也不懵了

啥是 pip ？

pip is the package installer for Python.
You can use it to install packages from the Python Package Index and other indexes.

pip 是 Python 包的安装程序。 您可以使用它从 Python 包索引和其他索引安装 Python 包。

零、基础准备

• 官网
  • https://pip.pypa.io
• 安装指引
  • https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation

一、 安装方式

官方提供两种安装 pip 的方式

• 方式一
  • ensurepip
• 方式二
  • get-pip.py

我这里采用方式一ensurepip的方式安装。

二、 pip | pip2 安装

前置条件

• 安装python2

$ python -V
Python 2.7.18

开始安装

$ python -m ensurepip --upgrade
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Looking in links: /var/folders/hq/9rdkq_5j7cz_25s2lqntqhwr0000gn/T/tmpSjRLxi
Requirement already up-to-date: setuptools in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages (41.2.0)
Collecting pip

安装后查看版本号

安装完 pip(pip2) 后重新打开一个终端

$ pip -V
pip 19.2.3 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

安装后查看帮助命令

安装完 pip(pip2) 后重新打开一个终端

$ pip -h

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output

三、 pip3 安装

前置条件

• 安装python3

$ python3 -V
Python 3.6.8

开始安装

$ python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade
Looking in links: /var/folders/hq/9rdkq_5j7cz_25s2lqntqhwr0000gn/T/tmp42dowxpt
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages (63.2.0)
Processing /private/var/folders/hq/9rdkq_5j7cz_25s2lqntqhwr0000gn/T/tmp42dowxpt/pip-22.2.1-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-22.2.1

安装后查看版本号

安装完 pip3 后重新打开一个终端

$ pip3 -V
pip 22.2.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10)

安装后查看帮助命令

安装完 pip 后重新打开一个终端

$ pip3 -h

Usage:   
  pip3 <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  inspect                     Inspect the python environment.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
  index                       Inspect information available from package indexes.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --debug                     Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of logging them to stderr.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  --require-virtualenv        Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; exit with an error otherwise.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

再次确认安装情况

$ which pip
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip

$ which pip2
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip2

$ which pip2.7
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pip2.7

$ which pip3
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/pip3

$ which pip3.10
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/pip3.10

$ pip -V
pip 19.2.3 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

$ pip2 -V
pip 19.2.3 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

$ pip2.7 -V
pip 19.2.3 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

$ pip3 -V
pip 22.2.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10)

$ pip3.10 -V
pip 22.2.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10)