我的 Spring JPA 应用程序中有三个独立的实体 - 用户、部门、角色

我的数据库中有一个连接表来关联这些实体中的每一个:USER_DEPARTMENT_ROLE

我的问题是，如何在我的实体类中定义这种关系？我是否必须在每个单独的实体中定义一个 @ManyToMany 关系？我知道如何定义两个表之间的这种关系，但对于两个以上的表，我不确定从哪里开始。

感谢任何帮助!

最佳答案

如果您在连接表中映射了两个以上的关系，那么我建议创建一个单独的实体，用于映射该特定表。

问题是您是否可以有一个不同的 id 列作为人工主键，或者您必须坚持使用三个外键构建的复合主键。

如果您可以添加人工 ID(这是设计数据库的现代方式)，那么您的映射应该如下所示:

选项 1

class User {
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "user", cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Set<UserDepartmentRoleLink> userDepartmentRoleLinks;
}

class Department{
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "department", cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Set<UserDepartmentRoleLink> userDepartmentRoleLinks;
}

class Role{
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "role", cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Set<UserDepartmentRoleLink> userDepartmentRoleLinks;
}

class UserDepartmentRoleLink {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    @JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
    private User user;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    @JoinColumn(name = "department_id")
    private Department department;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    @JoinColumn(name = "role_id")
    private Role role;

}

关于为多对多关系设置级联类型是棘手的，对于涉及三个表的多对多甚至更棘手，因为每个实体都可以根据情况扮演 parent 或 child 的角色..我建议只坚持cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE} 并手动处理其他操作。

如果您必须保留复合主键，那么您应该添加额外的 Id 类并将链接实体更改为以下内容:

选项 2

class User {
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "linkPk.user", cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Set<UserDepartmentRoleLink> userDepartmentRoleLinks;
}

class Department{
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "linkPk.department", cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Set<UserDepartmentRoleLink> userDepartmentRoleLinks;
}

class Role{
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "linkPk.role", cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Set<UserDepartmentRoleLink> userDepartmentRoleLinks;
}

链接表

class UserDepartmentRoleLink {

    @EmbeddedId
    private UserDepartmentRoleLinkId linkPk 
          = new UserDepartmentRoleLinkId(); 

    @Transient
    public User getUser() {
        return getLinkPk().getUser();
    }

    @Transient
    public User getDepartment() {
        return getLinkPk().getDepartment();
    }

    @Transient
    public User getRole() {
        return getLinkPk().getRole();
    }    
 }

@Embeddable
public class UserDepartmentRoleLinkId implements java.io.Serializable {

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    @JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
    private User user;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    @JoinColumn(name = "department_id")
    private Department department;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    @JoinColumn(name = "role_id")
    private Role role;

最重要的是，您可以像这篇文章中概述的那样在这里使用多对多 -> example .但在我看来，如果您像上面那样映射链接表，您会省去很多麻烦。最后是你的电话..

关于java - @ManyToMany 三个表之间的关系，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42488559/