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Logstash filter grok正则的使用及介绍

运维生涯记录 2024-04-28 原文

一、Logstash企业级插件案例(EFLK架构)

1.常见的插件概述

gork插件：
    Grok是将⾮结构化⽇志数据解析为结构化和可查询的好⽅法。底层原理是基于正则匹配任意
⽂本格式。
    该⼯具⾮常适合syslog⽇志、apache和其他⽹络服务器⽇志、mysql⽇志，以及通常为⼈
类⽽⾮计算机消耗⽽编写的任何⽇志格式。
    内置120种匹配模式，当然也可以⾃定义匹配模式:
        https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/tree/master/patterns

2.使用Logstash内置的正则案例1

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/14-beat-grok-es.conf 
    
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
     match => {
        # "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}"
        # 上⾯的""变量官⽅github上已经废弃，建议使⽤下⾯的匹配模式
        #   https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-
core/blob/main/patterns/legacy/httpd
        "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}"
     }
  }

}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/14-beat-grok-es.conf

3.使用Logstash内置的正则案例1

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/15-stdin-grok-stdout.conf
input {
  stdin {}
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { 
      "message" => "%{IP:oldboyedu-client} %{WORD:oldboyedu-method} %{URIPATHPARAM:oldboyedu-request} %{NUMBER:oldboyedu-bytes} %{NUMBER:oldboyedu-duration}" 
    }
  }
}

output {
  stdout {}
}

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -f config-logstash/15-stdin-
grok-stdout.conf

温馨提示:（如下图所示，按照要求输⼊数据）
55.3.244.1 GET /index.html 15824 0.043
10.0.0.103 POST /oldboyedu.html 888888 5.20

参考地址:
https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/tree/main/patterns/legacy

4.使用logstash自定义的正则案例

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/16-stdin-grok_custom_patterns-stdout.conf        
input {
  stdin {}
}

filter {
  grok {
      # 指定匹配模式的⽬录，可以使⽤绝对路径哟～
      # 在./patterns⽬录下随便创建⼀个⽂件，并写⼊以下匹配模式
      #    POSTFIX_QUEUEID [0-9A-F]{10,11}
      #    OLDBOYEDU_LINUX80 [\d]{3}
      patterns_dir => ["./patterns"]
      # 匹配模式
      # 测试数据为: Jan  1 06:25:43 mailserver14 postfix/cleanup[21403]: BEF25A72965: message-id=<20130101142543.5828399CCAF@mailserver14.example.com>
      # match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGBASE} %{POSTFIX_QUEUEID:queue_id}: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
  
      # 测试数据为: ABCDE12345678910 ---> 333FGHIJK
      match => { "message" => "%{POSTFIX_QUEUEID:oldboyedu_queue_id} ---> %{OLDBOYEDU_LINUX80:oldboyedu_linux80_elk}" }
  }
}

output {
  stdout {}
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -f config-logstash/16-stdin-grok_custom_patterns-stdout.conf

5.filter插件通用字段案例

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/17-beat-grok-es.conf 
            
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
     match => {
        # "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}"
        # 上⾯的""变量官⽅github上已经废弃，建议使⽤下⾯的匹配模式
        #   https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/main/patterns/legacy/httpd
        "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}"
     }
     # 移除指定的字段
     remove_field => [  "host", "@version", "ecs", "tags","agent","input", "log" ]
   
     # 添加指定的字段
     add_field => { 
        "school" => "北京市昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
        "oldboyedu-clientip" => "clientip ---> %{clientip}"
     }
     # 添加tag 
     add_tag => [ "linux80","zookeeper","kafka","elk" ]  
 
     # 移除tag
     remove_tag => [ "zookeeper", "kafka" ]
     # 创建插件的唯⼀ID，如果不创建则系统默认⽣成
     id => "nginx"
        
  }

}

output {
  stdout {}

 #  elasticsearch {
 #      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
 #      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
 #  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/17-beat-grok-es.conf

6.data插件修改写入file的时间

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/18-beat-grok_date-es.conf
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
     match => {
        # "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}"
        # 上⾯的""变量官⽅github上已经废弃，建议使⽤下⾯的匹配模式
        #   https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/main/patterns/legacy/httpd
        "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}"
     }
     # 移除指定的字段
     remove_field => [  "host", "@version", "ecs", "tags","agent","input", "log" ]
   
     # 添加指定的字段
     add_field => { 
        "school" => "北京市昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
     }

  }

  date {
     # 匹配时间字段并解析,值得注意的是，logstash的输出时间可能会错8⼩时,但写⼊es但数据是准确的!
     # "13/May/2022:15:47:24 +0800", 以下2种match写法均可!
     # match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
     # 当然，我们也可以不对时区字段进⾏解析，⽽是使⽤"timezone"指定时区哟!
     match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss +0800"]
     # 设置时区字段为UTC时间,写⼊ES的数据时间是不准确的
     # timezone => "UTC"
     # 建议⼤家设置为"Asia/Shanghai"，写⼊ES的数据是准确的!
     timezone => "Asia/Shanghai"
     # 将匹配到到时间字段解析后存储到⽬标字段，若不指定，则默认字段为"@timestamp"字段
     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-nginx-access-time"
  }

}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/18-beat-grok_date-es.conf

7.geoip分析源地址的地址位置

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/19-beat-grok_date_geoip-es.conf
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
     match => {
        "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}"
     }

     remove_field => [  "host", "@version", "ecs", "tags","agent","input", "log" ]
   
     add_field => { 
        "school" => "北京市昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
     }

  }

  date {
     match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]

     timezone => "Asia/Shanghai"

     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-nginx-access-time"
  }

  geoip {
     # 指定基于哪个字段分析IP地址
     source => "clientip"
     # 如果期望查看指定的字段，则可以在这⾥配置即可，若不设置，表示显示所有的查询字段.
     fields => ["city_name","country_name","ip"]
     # 指定geoip的输出字段，如果想要对多个IP地址进⾏分析，则该字段很有⽤哟~
     target => "oldboyedu-linux80"
  }
  
}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/19-beat-grok_date_geoip-es.conf

8.useragent分析客户端的设备类型

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/20-beat-grok_date_geoip_useragent-es.conf         
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {
  date {
     match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]

     timezone => "Asia/Shanghai"

     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-nginx-access-time"
   
  }

  mutate {
     add_field => { 
        "school" => "北京市昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
     }

     remove_field => [  "agent", "host", "@version", "ecs", "tags","input", "log" ]
  }

  geoip {
     source => "clientip"

     fields => ["city_name","country_name","ip"]

     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-geoip"
  }
  

   useragent {
      # 指定客户端的设备相关信息的字段
      source => "http_user_agent"
     
      # 将分析的数据存储在⼀个指定的字段中，若不指定，则默认存储在target字段中。
      target => "oldboyedu-linux80-useragent"

   }

}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/20-beat-grok_date_geoip_useragent-es.conf

9.mutate组件数据准备-python脚本

cat > generate_log.py  <<EOF
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# @author : oldboyedu-linux80

import datetime
import random
import logging
import time
import sys

LOG_FORMAT = "%(levelname)s %(asctime)s [com.oldboyedu.%(module)s] - %(message)s "
DATE_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
# 配置root的logging.Logger实例的基本配置
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format=LOG_FORMAT, datefmt=DATE_FORMAT, filename=sys.argv[1], filemode='a',)
actions = ["浏览⻚⾯", "评论商品", "加⼊收藏", "加⼊购物⻋", "提交订单", "使⽤优惠券", "领取优惠券", "搜索", "查看订单", "付款", "清空购物⻋"]

while True:
    time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))
    user_id = random.randint(1, 10000)
    # 对⽣成的浮点数保留2位有效数字.
    price = round(random.uniform(15000, 30000),2)
    action = random.choice(actions)
    svip = random.choice([0,1])
    logging.info("DAU|{0}|{1}|{2}|{3}".format(user_id, 
action,svip,price))
EOF
nohup python generate_log.py  /tmp/app.log &>/dev/null &

10.mutate组件常用字段案例

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/21-mutate.conf 
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {

  mutate {
     add_field => { 
        "school" => "北京市昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
     }

     remove_field => [ "@timestamp", "agent", "host", "@version", "ecs", "tags","input", "log" ]
  }

  mutate {
     # 对"message"字段内容使⽤"|"进⾏切分。
     split => {
        "message" => "|"
     }
  }

  mutate {
     # 添加字段，其中引⽤到了变量
     add_field => {
         "user_id" => "%{[message][1]}"
         "action" => "%{[message][2]}"
         "svip" => "%{[message][3]}"
         "price" => "%{[message][4]}"
     }
  }

  mutate {
      strip => ["svip"]
  }

  mutate {
    # 将指定字段转换成相应对数据类型.
    convert => {
       "user_id" => "integer"
       "svip" => "boolean"
       "price" => "float"
    }
  }

   mutate {
      # 将"price"字段拷⻉到"oldboyedu-linux80-price"字段中.
      copy => { "price" => "oldboyedu-linux80-price" }
  }
 

   mutate {
     # 修改字段到名称
     rename => { "svip" => "oldboyedu-ssvip" }
   }

   mutate {
     # 替换字段的内容
     replace => { "message" => "%{message}: My new message" }
   }

   mutate {
     # 将指定字段的字⺟全部⼤写
     uppercase => [ "message" ]
   }

    
}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
     hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
     index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# 
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/21-mutate.conf

11.logstash的多if分支案列

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/22-beats_tcp-filter-es.conf 
input {
  beats {
    type => "oldboyedu-beats"
    port => 8888
  }  

  tcp {
     type => "oldboyedu-tcp"
     port => 9999
  }

  tcp {
     type => "oldboyedu-tcp-new"
     port => 7777
  }

  http {
     type => "oldboyedu-http"
     port => 6666
  }

  file {
     type => "oldboyedu-file"
     path => "/tmp/apps.log"
  }
}

filter {
  mutate {
    add_field => { 
      "school" => "北京市昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
    }

  }
  
  if [type] == ["oldboyedu-beats","oldboyedu-tcp-new","oldboyedu-http"] 
{
      mutate {
        remove_field => [ "agent", "host", "@version", "ecs", "tags","input", "log" ]
      }

      geoip {
         source => "clientip"
         target => "oldboyedu-linux80-geoip"
      }
      
      useragent {
         source => "http_user_agent"
         target => "oldboyedu-linux80-useragent"
      }

  } else if [type] == "oldboyedu-file" {
      mutate {
        add_field => {
           "class" => "oldboyedu-linux80"
           "address" => "北京昌平区沙河镇⽼男孩IT教育"
           "hobby" => ["LOL","王者荣耀"]
        }

        remove_field => ["host","@version","school"]
      }

  } else {
      mutate {
         remove_field => ["port","@version","host"]
      }

      mutate {
         split => {
            "message" => "|"
         }

         add_field => {
             "user_id" => "%{[message][1]}"
             "action" => "%{[message][2]}"
             "svip" => "%{[message][3]}"
             "price" => "%{[message][4]}"
         }
        
         # 利⽤完message字段后，在删除是可以等!注意代码等执⾏顺序!
         remove_field => ["message"]
       
         strip => ["svip"]
      }

      mutate {
        convert => {
           "user_id" => "integer"
           "svip" => "boolean"
           "price" => "float"
        }
      }
   
  }

}

output {
  stdout {}
 
  if [type] == "oldboyedu-beats" {
      elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
          index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-beats"
      }
  } else {
      elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
          index => "oldboyedu-linux80-logstash-tcp"
      }
  }

}

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf  config-logstash/22-beats_tcp-filter-es.conf

12.今日作业

如上图所示，要求完成以下内容:
    (1)收集nginx⽇志，写⼊ES集群，分⽚数量为3，副本数量为0，索引名称为"oldboyedu-linux80-nginx";
    (2)收集tomcat⽇志，写⼊ES集群，分⽚数量为5，副本数量为0，索引名称为"oldboyedu-linux80-tomcat";
    (3)收集app⽇志，写⼊ES集群，分⽚数量为10，副本数量为0，索引名称为"oldboyedu-linux80-app";
    
进阶作业:
    (1)分析出nginx，tomcat的客户端ip所属城市，访问时使⽤的设备类型等。
    (2)请调研使⽤logstash的pipline来替代logstash的多实例⽅案;

filebeat收集tomcat日志

[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat ~/config/38-tomcat-to-logstash.yml 
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /oldboyedu/softwares/apache-tomcat-10.0.20/logs/*.txt
  json.keys_under_root: true

output.logstash:
  hosts: ["10.0.0.101:7777"]
[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# filebeat -e -c ~/config/38-tomcat-to-logstash.yml

filebeat收集nginx日志

[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat ~/config/37-nginx-to-logstash.yml 
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/access.log*
  json.keys_under_root: true

output.logstash:
  hosts: ["10.0.0.101:8888"]
[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# 
[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# filebeat -e -c ~/config/37-nginx-to-logstash.yml   --path.data /tmp/filebeat-nginx

filebeat收集apps日志

[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat ~/config/39-apps-to-logstash.yml 
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /tmp/app.log*

output.logstash:
  hosts: ["10.0.0.101:6666"]
[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# 
[root@elk102.oldboyedu.com ~]# filebeat -e -c ~/config/39-apps-to-logstash.yml   --path.data /tmp/filebeat-app

logstash收集nginx日志

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/24-homework-01-to-es.conf 
input {
  beats {
     port => 8888
  }
}

filter {
  mutate {
     remove_field => ["tags","log","agent","@version", "input","ecs"]
  }

  geoip {
     source => "clientip"
     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-geoip"
  }
  
  useragent {
     source => "http_user_agent"
     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-useragent"
  }

}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-nginx"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/24-homework-01-to-es.conf

logstash收集tomcat日志

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/24-homework-02-to-es.conf 
input {
  beats { 
     port => 7777
  }
}

filter {
  mutate {
     remove_field => ["tags","log","agent","@version", "input","ecs"]
  }

  geoip {
     source => "clientip"
     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-geoip"
  }
  
  useragent {
     source => "AgentVersion"
     target => "oldboyedu-linux80-useragent"
  }
}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-tomcat"
  }
  
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/24-homework-02-to-es.conf  --path.data /tmp/homework-logstash-02

logstash收集apps日志

[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# cat config-logstash/24-homework-03-to-es.conf 
input {
  beats { 
     port => 6666
  }

}

filter {
  mutate {
     remove_field => ["tags","log","agent","@version", "input","ecs"]
  }

  mutate {
     remove_field => ["port","@version","host"]
  }

  mutate {
     split => {
        "message" => "|"
     }

     add_field => {
         "user_id" => "%{[message][1]}"
         "action" => "%{[message][2]}"
         "svip" => "%{[message][3]}"
         "price" => "%{[message][4]}"
     }
    
     remove_field => ["message"]
   
     strip => ["svip"]
  }

  mutate {
    convert => {
       "user_id" => "integer"
       "svip" => "boolean"
       "price" => "float"
    }
  }
}

output {
  stdout {}

  elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.101:9200","10.0.0.102:9200","10.0.0.103:9200"]
      index => "oldboyedu-linux80-apps"
  }
}
[root@elk101.oldboyedu.com ~]# logstash -rf config-logstash/24-homework-03-to-es.conf --path.data /tmp/homework-logstash-03
Logstashfilterspanclasstokenelasticsearch大数据搜索引擎

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