通过探索 Windows 更新 .msu 文件的内容(例如，使用 7zip 等工具)，您可能会发现一系列文件，这些文件定义了先决条件和 适用规则。例如:

<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="E6CF1350-C01B-414D-A61F-263D14D133B4" RevisionNumber="1" /><Properties UpdateType="Category" /><ApplicabilityRules><IsInstalled><True /></IsInstalled></ApplicabilityRules>
....
<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="2bf7ed9c-6f43-493a-b156-db20f08c44c4" RevisionNumber="101" /><Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" /><Relationships /><ApplicabilityRules><IsInstalled><b.RegSz Key="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" Subkey="SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language" Value="InstallLanguage" Comparison="EqualTo" Data="0409" /></IsInstalled></ApplicabilityRules>
....
<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="6AECE9A4-19E3-4BC7-A20C-070A5E31AFF4" RevisionNumber="100" /><Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" /><Relationships>
...
<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="3B4B8621-726E-43A6-B43B-37D07EC7019F" /><ApplicabilityRules><IsInstalled><b.WmiQuery Namespace="root\cimv2" WqlQuery="SELECT Manufacturer FROM Win32_ComputerSystem WHERE Manufacturer = 'Samsung Electronics' or Manufacturer = 'Hewlett-Packard' or Manufacturer = 'Gateway'" /></IsInstalled></ApplicabilityRules>
...

现在，给定一个特定的 .msu 文件和我的本地计算机，是否有一种方法可以迭代这些规则并找出是否有一个不满足 - 以及哪个？

我可以为此目的使用 WSUS 3.0 类库吗？或者有没有工具/脚本？

我真正想要的是确切地知道是什么条件导致计算机拒绝某个 Windows 更新 (KB2973201) 并显示消息 The update is not applicable to your computer(这背后的错误代码是WU_E_NOT_APPLICABLE ).

关于更新的这些适用性规则的文档似乎太少了。有什么好的资源吗？

引用资料:

• How the Windows Update Agent determines the status of an update
• A bit of WSUS stuff on msdn
• Windows Update error code list

最佳答案

Now, given a certain .msu file and my local computer, is there a way to iterate over those rules and find out if one is not satisfied - and which one?
Can I use WSUS 3.0 Class Library for this purpose? Or is there a tool / script?

您可以 Update Applicability Rules通过 WSUS 3.0 类库，尽管它不提供检查规则是否会通过的功能，除非(我猜)你运行安装程序但它不会告诉你哪个失败了。

Simon 提到 WUAPI 库没有公开内部规则，并且(afaik)没有办法将 WUAPI ResultCodes 与失败的 ApplicabilityRules 相匹配。

不幸的是，Microsoft.Deployment.WindowsInstaller.dll 等库无法处理 MSU 文件，因此我们无法使用“现成”选项。因此，您必须使用代码和 (msu.xml) XML 文件手动执行此操作:

<Updates>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="E6CF1350-C01B-414D-A61F-263D14D133B4" RevisionNumber="1" />
  <Properties UpdateType="Category" />
  <ApplicabilityRules>
    <IsInstalled>
      <True />
    </IsInstalled>
  </ApplicabilityRules>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="2bf7ed9c-6f43-493a-b156-db20f08c44c4" RevisionNumber="101" />
  <Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" />
  <Relationships />
  <ApplicabilityRules>
    <IsInstalled>
      <b.RegSz Key="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" Subkey="SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language" Value="InstallLanguage" Comparison="EqualTo" Data="0409" />
    </IsInstalled>
  </ApplicabilityRules>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="6AECE9A4-19E3-4BC7-A20C-070A5E31AFF4" RevisionNumber="100" />
  <Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" />
  <Relationships></Relationships>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="3B4B8621-726E-43A6-B43B-37D07EC7019F" />
  <ApplicabilityRules>
    <IsInstalled>
      <b.WmiQuery Namespace="root\cimv2" WqlQuery="SELECT Manufacturer FROM Win32_ComputerSystem WHERE Manufacturer = 'Dell Inc.' or Manufacturer = 'Samsung Electronics' or Manufacturer = 'Hewlett-Packard' or Manufacturer = 'Gateway'" />
    </IsInstalled>
  </ApplicabilityRules>
</Updates>

使用此代码查看哪些 ApplicabilityRules 失败:

private void btnWillPassApplicabilityRules_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    XDocument doc = XDocument.Load("msu.xml");
    var elements = doc.Element("Updates").Elements("ApplicabilityRules").Elements("IsInstalled").Elements();

    foreach (var element in elements) {
        if (element.ToString().StartsWith("<b.RegSz")) {
            string subKeyName = element.Attribute("Subkey").Value;
            string keyName = element.Attribute("Value").Value;
            string keyValue = element.Attribute("Data").Value;

            //TODO: Leave the Registry Hive "Switch()" upto reader to fully implement
            if (!ValueExistsInRegistry(Registry.LocalMachine, subKeyName, keyName, keyValue)) {
                Console.WriteLine("Install is not applicable as Applicability Rule failed: " + element.ToString());
            }
        }
        else if (element.ToString().StartsWith("<b.WmiQuery")) {
            string nameSpace = element.Attribute("Namespace").Value;
            string wqlQuery = element.Attribute("WqlQuery").Value;
            if (!ValueExistsInWMI(nameSpace, wqlQuery)) {
                Console.WriteLine("Install is not applicable as Applicability Rule failed: " + element.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

private bool ValueExistsInRegistry(RegistryKey root, string subKeyName, string keyName, string keyValue)
{
    using (RegistryKey key = root.OpenSubKey(subKeyName)) {
        if (key != null) return keyValue == key.GetValue(keyName).ToString();
    }
    return false;
}

private bool ValueExistsInWMI(string nameSpace, string wqlQuery)
{
    ManagementScope scope = new ManagementScope(String.Format("\\\\{0}\\" + nameSpace, "."), null);  //The "." is for your local PC
    scope.Connect();
    ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery(wqlQuery);
    ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(scope, query);
    if (searcher.Get().Count == 0) {
        return false;
    }
    else {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
}

在运行适用性规则之前，最好先检查更新是否会通过操作系统 (OS) 和服务包 (SP) 适用性测试。 如果升级不适用于操作系统和 SP，则检查注册表/wmi 等以确定升级是否会通过规则是没有意义的。

要查看 ApplicabilityInfo，请运行 expand 命令行实用程序:

expand -f:* "C:\temp\msu\Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64.msu" "C:\temp\msu"

这将创建以下文件:

• WSUSSCAN.cab
• Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64.cab
• Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64.xml
• Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64-pkgProperties.txt

创建 xml 和 txt 文件大约需要 5 秒钟。打开 pkgProperties.txt 文件，顶行有信息:

ApplicabilityInfo="Windows 7.0 Client SP1;Windows 7.0 Server Core SP1;Windows 7.0 Embedded SP1;Windows 7.0 Server SP1;Windows 7.0 WinPE 3.1;"

MSDN 引用:Description of the Windows Update Standalone Installer in Windows

关于c# - 如何以编程方式检查 Windows 更新的适用性规则？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29843971/