总的来说，我对 Mongoose 和 MongoDB 还是很陌生，所以我很难弄清楚这样的事情是否可行:

Item = new Schema({
    id: Schema.ObjectId,
    dateCreated: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    title: { type: String, default: 'No Title' },
    description: { type: String, default: 'No Description' },
    tags: [ { type: Schema.ObjectId, ref: 'ItemTag' }]
});

ItemTag = new Schema({
    id: Schema.ObjectId,
    tagId: { type: Schema.ObjectId, ref: 'Tag' },
    tagName: { type: String }
});



var query = Models.Item.find({});

query
    .desc('dateCreated')
    .populate('tags')
    .where('tags.tagName').in(['funny', 'politics'])
    .run(function(err, docs){
       // docs is always empty
    });

[{ 
    _id: 4fe90264e5caa33f04000012,
    dislikes: 0,
    likes: 0,
    source: '/uploads/loldog.jpg',
    comments: [],
    tags: [{
        itemId: 4fe90264e5caa33f04000012,
        tagName: 'movies',
        tagId: 4fe64219007e20e644000007,
        _id: 4fe90270e5caa33f04000015,
        dateCreated: Tue, 26 Jun 2012 00:29:36 GMT,
        rating: 0,
        dislikes: 0,
        likes: 0 
    },
    { 
        itemId: 4fe90264e5caa33f04000012,
        tagName: 'funny',
        tagId: 4fe64219007e20e644000002,
        _id: 4fe90270e5caa33f04000017,
        dateCreated: Tue, 26 Jun 2012 00:29:36 GMT,
        rating: 0,
        dislikes: 0,
        likes: 0 
    }],
    viewCount: 0,
    rating: 0,
    type: 'image',
    description: null,
    title: 'dogggg',
    dateCreated: Tue, 26 Jun 2012 00:29:24 GMT 
 }, ... ]

最佳答案

使用大于 3.2 的现代 MongoDB，在大多数情况下，您可以使用 $lookup 作为 .populate() 的替代。这也具有实际在“服务器上”进行连接的优点，而不是 .populate() 所做的实际上是“多个查询”以“模拟”连接。

所以 .populate() 是 而不是 就关系数据库如何做到这一点而言，它实际上是一个“连接”。另一方面， $lookup 操作符实际上在服务器上完成工作，或多或少类似于“LEFT JOIN”:

Item.aggregate(
  [
    { "$lookup": {
      "from": ItemTags.collection.name,
      "localField": "tags",
      "foreignField": "_id",
      "as": "tags"
    }},
    { "$unwind": "$tags" },
    { "$match": { "tags.tagName": { "$in": [ "funny", "politics" ] } } },
    { "$group": {
      "_id": "$_id",
      "dateCreated": { "$first": "$dateCreated" },
      "title": { "$first": "$title" },
      "description": { "$first": "$description" },
      "tags": { "$push": "$tags" }
    }}
  ],
  function(err, result) {
    // "tags" is now filtered by condition and "joined"
  }
)

N.B. The .collection.name here actually evaluates to the "string" that is the actual name of the MongoDB collection as assigned to the model. Since mongoose "pluralizes" collection names by default and $lookup needs the actual MongoDB collection name as an argument ( since it's a server operation ), then this is a handy trick to use in mongoose code, as opposed to "hard coding" the collection name directly.

   { "$lookup" : {
     "from" : "itemtags",
     "as" : "tags",
     "localField" : "tags",
     "foreignField" : "_id",
     "unwinding" : {
       "preserveNullAndEmptyArrays" : false
     },
     "matching" : {
       "tagName" : {
         "$in" : [
           "funny",
           "politics"
         ]
       }
     }
   }}

Item.aggregate([
  { "$lookup": {
    "from": ItemTags.collection.name,
    "let": { "tags": "$tags" },
    "pipeline": [
      { "$match": {
        "tags": { "$in": [ "politics", "funny" ] },
        "$expr": { "$in": [ "$_id", "$$tags" ] }
      }}
    ]
  }}
])

  Item.lookup(
    {
      path: 'tags',
      query: { 'tags.tagName' : { '$in': [ 'funny', 'politics' ] } }
    },
    callback
  )

  let results = await Item.lookup({
    path: 'tags',
    query: { 'tagName' : { '$in': [ 'funny', 'politics' ] } }
  })

N.B The use of async here is just for brevity of running the enclosed example. The actual implementation is free of this dependency.

const async = require('async'),
      mongoose = require('mongoose'),
      Schema = mongoose.Schema;

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug', true);
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/looktest');

const itemTagSchema = new Schema({
  tagName: String
});

const itemSchema = new Schema({
  dateCreated: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
  title: String,
  description: String,
  tags: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'ItemTag' }]
});

itemSchema.statics.lookup = function(opt,callback) {
  let rel =
    mongoose.model(this.schema.path(opt.path).caster.options.ref);

  let group = { "$group": { } };
  this.schema.eachPath(p =>
    group.$group[p] = (p === "_id") ? "$_id" :
      (p === opt.path) ? { "$push": `$${p}` } : { "$first": `$${p}` });

  let pipeline = [
    { "$lookup": {
      "from": rel.collection.name,
      "as": opt.path,
      "localField": opt.path,
      "foreignField": "_id"
    }},
    { "$unwind": `$${opt.path}` },
    { "$match": opt.query },
    group
  ];

  this.aggregate(pipeline,(err,result) => {
    if (err) callback(err);
    result = result.map(m => {
      m[opt.path] = m[opt.path].map(r => rel(r));
      return this(m);
    });
    callback(err,result);
  });
}

const Item = mongoose.model('Item', itemSchema);
const ItemTag = mongoose.model('ItemTag', itemTagSchema);

function log(body) {
  console.log(JSON.stringify(body, undefined, 2))
}
async.series(
  [
    // Clean data
    (callback) => async.each(mongoose.models,(model,callback) =>
      model.remove({},callback),callback),

    // Create tags and items
    (callback) =>
      async.waterfall(
        [
          (callback) =>
            ItemTag.create([{ "tagName": "movies" }, { "tagName": "funny" }],
              callback),

          (tags, callback) =>
            Item.create({ "title": "Something","description": "An item",
              "tags": tags },callback)
        ],
        callback
      ),

    // Query with our static
    (callback) =>
      Item.lookup(
        {
          path: 'tags',
          query: { 'tags.tagName' : { '$in': [ 'funny', 'politics' ] } }
        },
        callback
      )
  ],
  (err,results) => {
    if (err) throw err;
    let result = results.pop();
    log(result);
    mongoose.disconnect();
  }
)

const { Schema } = mongoose = require('mongoose');
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost/looktest';

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug', true);

const itemTagSchema = new Schema({
  tagName: String
});

const itemSchema = new Schema({
  dateCreated: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
  title: String,
  description: String,
  tags: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'ItemTag' }]
});

itemSchema.statics.lookup = function(opt) {
  let rel =
    mongoose.model(this.schema.path(opt.path).caster.options.ref);

  let group = { "$group": { } };
  this.schema.eachPath(p =>
    group.$group[p] = (p === "_id") ? "$_id" :
      (p === opt.path) ? { "$push": `$${p}` } : { "$first": `$${p}` });

  let pipeline = [
    { "$lookup": {
      "from": rel.collection.name,
      "as": opt.path,
      "localField": opt.path,
      "foreignField": "_id"
    }},
    { "$unwind": `$${opt.path}` },
    { "$match": opt.query },
    group
  ];

  return this.aggregate(pipeline).exec().then(r => r.map(m => 
    this({ ...m, [opt.path]: m[opt.path].map(r => rel(r)) })
  ));
}

const Item = mongoose.model('Item', itemSchema);
const ItemTag = mongoose.model('ItemTag', itemTagSchema);

const log = body => console.log(JSON.stringify(body, undefined, 2));

(async function() {
  try {

    const conn = await mongoose.connect(uri);

    // Clean data
    await Promise.all(Object.entries(conn.models).map(([k,m]) => m.remove()));

    // Create tags and items
    const tags = await ItemTag.create(
      ["movies", "funny"].map(tagName =>({ tagName }))
    );
    const item = await Item.create({ 
      "title": "Something",
      "description": "An item",
      tags 
    });

    // Query with our static
    const result = (await Item.lookup({
      path: 'tags',
      query: { 'tags.tagName' : { '$in': [ 'funny', 'politics' ] } }
    })).pop();
    log(result);

    mongoose.disconnect();

  } catch (e) {
    console.error(e);
  } finally {
    process.exit()
  }
})()

const { Schema, Types: { ObjectId } } = mongoose = require('mongoose');

const uri = 'mongodb://localhost/looktest';

mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug', true);

const itemTagSchema = new Schema({
  tagName: String
});

const itemSchema = new Schema({
  title: String,
  description: String,
  tags: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'ItemTag' }]
},{ timestamps: true });

itemSchema.statics.lookup = function({ path, query }) {
  let rel =
    mongoose.model(this.schema.path(path).caster.options.ref);

  // MongoDB 3.6 and up $lookup with sub-pipeline
  let pipeline = [
    { "$lookup": {
      "from": rel.collection.name,
      "as": path,
      "let": { [path]: `$${path}` },
      "pipeline": [
        { "$match": {
          ...query,
          "$expr": { "$in": [ "$_id", `$$${path}` ] }
        }}
      ]
    }}
  ];

  return this.aggregate(pipeline).exec().then(r => r.map(m =>
    this({ ...m, [path]: m[path].map(r => rel(r)) })
  ));
};

const Item = mongoose.model('Item', itemSchema);
const ItemTag = mongoose.model('ItemTag', itemTagSchema);

const log = body => console.log(JSON.stringify(body, undefined, 2));

(async function() {

  try {

    const conn = await mongoose.connect(uri);

    // Clean data
    await Promise.all(Object.entries(conn.models).map(([k,m]) => m.remove()));

    // Create tags and items
    const tags = await ItemTag.insertMany(
      ["movies", "funny"].map(tagName => ({ tagName }))
    );

    const item = await Item.create({
      "title": "Something",
      "description": "An item",
      tags
    });

    // Query with our static
    let result = (await Item.lookup({
      path: 'tags',
      query: { 'tagName': { '$in': [ 'funny', 'politics' ] } }
    })).pop();
    log(result);


    await mongoose.disconnect();

  } catch(e) {
    console.error(e)
  } finally {
    process.exit()
  }

})()

关于node.js - 在 Mongoose 中填充后查询，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11303294/