我遇到奇怪的错误，调用 ./manage.py test 会找到我的测试，但提示无法导入它们。

版本

python 3.4

Django 1.7b4

我的文件结构

看起来像这样(只是相关的部分):

inkasso
├── db.sqlite3
├── functional_tests
│   ├── base.py
│   ├── base.pyc
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __init__.pyc
│   ├── __pycache__
│   ├── test_login.py
│   └── test_login.pyc
├── __init__.py
├── inkasso
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __init__.pyc
│   ├── migrations
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── settings.pyc
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py
├── static
│   ├── ...
├── templates
│   ├── ...
└── web
    ├── admins.py
    ├── tests
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── test_forms.py
    │   ├── test_models.py
    │   └── test_views.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── views.py

堆栈跟踪

所以当我运行 ./manage.py test 时，我得到以下 stak-trace:

 $ ./manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
EEEE
======================================================================
ERROR: inkasso.functional_tests.test_login (unittest.loader.ModuleImportFailure)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 57, in testPartExecutor
    yield
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 574, in run
    testMethod()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 32, in testFailure
    raise exception
ImportError: Failed to import test module: inkasso.functional_tests.test_login
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 312, in _find_tests
    module = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 290, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
ImportError: No module named 'inkasso.functional_tests'


======================================================================
ERROR: inkasso.web.tests.test_forms (unittest.loader.ModuleImportFailure)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 57, in testPartExecutor
    yield
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 574, in run
    testMethod()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 32, in testFailure
    raise exception
ImportError: Failed to import test module: inkasso.web.tests.test_forms
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 312, in _find_tests
    module = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 290, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
ImportError: No module named 'inkasso.web'


======================================================================
ERROR: inkasso.web.tests.test_models (unittest.loader.ModuleImportFailure)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 57, in testPartExecutor
    yield
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 574, in run
    testMethod()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 32, in testFailure
    raise exception
ImportError: Failed to import test module: inkasso.web.tests.test_models
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 312, in _find_tests
    module = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 290, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
ImportError: No module named 'inkasso.web'


======================================================================
ERROR: inkasso.web.tests.test_views (unittest.loader.ModuleImportFailure)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 57, in testPartExecutor
    yield
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 574, in run
    testMethod()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 32, in testFailure
    raise exception
ImportError: Failed to import test module: inkasso.web.tests.test_views
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 312, in _find_tests
    module = self._get_module_from_name(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 290, in _get_module_from_name
    __import__(name)
ImportError: No module named 'inkasso.web'


----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.001s

FAILED (errors=4)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

所以测试运行器找到了我的测试，但由于某种原因，它们没有被导入。我不知道这是怎么回事。堆栈跟踪对我不是很有帮助:(

由于根文件夹名为 inkasso 并且它有一个同名模块，我尝试将 print(os.getcwd) 和 print(sys .path) 到 manage.py 中，它显示的只是 CWD 和路径都设置为指向根文件夹，所以应该一切正常，不是吗？该应用程序本身按预期运行。只有测试不起作用。

我试过在 inkasso.inkasso 中创建一个空模块“web”，结果不是提示 inkasso.web 不存在，而是提示 inkasso.web.tests 不存在。所以这表明它不是在根“inkasso”文件夹中查找，而是在“inkasso.inkasso”中查找。这就是问题所在。我该如何解决？

最佳答案

是的...运行 ./manage.py 时出现问题，因为它将当前目录添加到 PYTHONPATH。

这个问题发生在你把 __init__.py在根文件夹中。

在这种情况下，一种解决方案是永远不要使用 manage.py , 但只有 django-admin.py <commands> --settings=inkasso.inkasso.settings - 当然，这假设在运行此命令时，您处于上一级，在根文件夹之外 inkasso ，或者您的主包安装在 site-packages 中.

例如，如果您的 settings.py 的完整路径文件是 /home/user/projects/inkasso/inkasso/settings.py , 你需要在 /home/user/projects运行此命令时。

但是，如果您已将软件包安装在站点软件包中，则上述限制会发生变化:您可以在除 /home/user/projects/inkasso 之外的任何位置。或其任何子文件夹等。

另一个解决方案是编辑您的 manage.py文件添加这一行:

if __name__ =='__main__': #line already present
    #this will make the python interpreter see your packages as inkasso.inkasso.whatever
    os.chdir('..')  # <<<---This is what you want to add

    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mvod.dev_settings")
    ....

关于python - Django 找到测试但无法导入它们，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23854677/