阿里云OSS官网：OSS管理控制台 (aliyun.com)

什么是对象存储OSS

阿里云对象存储OSS（Object Storage Service）是一款海量、安全、低成本、高可靠的云存储服务，可提供99.9999999999%（12个9）的数据持久性，99.995%的数据可用性。多种存储类型供选择，全面优化存储成本。

OSS具有与平台无关的RESTful API接口，您可以在任何应用、任何时间、任何地点存储和访问任意类型的数据。

您可以使用阿里云提供的API、SDK接口或者OSS迁移工具轻松地将海量数据移入或移出阿里云OSS。数据存储到阿里云OSS以后，您可以选择标准存储（Standard）作为移动应用、大型网站、图片分享或热点音视频的主要存储方式，也可以选择成本更低、存储期限更长的低频访问存储（Infrequent Access）、归档存储（Archive）、冷归档存储（Cold Archive）作为不经常访问数据的存储方式。

一.开通账号并创建空间

1. 创建阿里云账号
2. 开通对象存储OSS服务
3. 进入到OSS控制台、新建OSS管理控制台 (aliyun.com)Bucket

         Bucket名称可随意填写，地域选择离我们当前地区最近的即可，因为是测试，我们的存储类型选择低频访问，读写权限我们选择公告读

        4.创建完成后，点击右上角进入AccessKey，选择开始使用子账户Key

 

        5.创建完子账号后，保留生成的账号和密钥，以后我们都用这个子账户进行操作 

        6.其中我们的endpoint等信息可在控制台中的概览可查看

二 .在java中简单使用OSS客户端上传文件到服务器

1. 导入依赖spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss

      <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

2.添加配置（access-key、secret-key、endoint）

spring:
  cloud:
    alicloud:
      access-key: 你的 access-key
      secret-key: 你的 secret-key
      oss:
        endpoint: oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com

        注意:endpoint是oss包下的

3.编写测试类测试上传图片至OSS服务器

    @Resource
    OSS ossClient;

    @Test
    public void uploadDemo() throws FileNotFoundException {
        // 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "hola76";
        // 填写Object完整路径，完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称，例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
        String objectName = "1111727083.jpg";
        // 填写本地文件的完整路径，例如D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt。
        // 如果未指定本地路径，则默认从示例程序所属项目对应本地路径中上传文件流。
        String filePath= "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Pictures\\111727083.jpg";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        //OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        // 创建PutObject请求。
        ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, inputStream);
        System.out.println("上传成功！");
        ossClient.shutdown();

    }

4.到控制台查看

5.图片上传成功 

三.服务端签名直传并设置上传回调

官方文档：服务端签名后直传 (aliyun.com)

1.流程介绍

流程如下图所示：

当用户要上传一个文件到OSS，而且希望将上传的结果返回给应用服务器时，需要设置一个回调函数，将请求告知应用服务器。用户上传完文件后，不会直接得到返回结果，而是先通知应用服务器，再把结果转达给用户。 

2.JAVA实现

1.我们新建一个项目专门为我们提供第三方服务，项目结构如下

2.引入阿里云OSS依赖及openFeign等依赖（服务注册与发现等包含在common中）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.liucan.gulimall</groupId>
    <artifactId>gulimall-third-party</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>gulimall-third-party</name>
    <description>第三方服务</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.liucan.gulimall</groupId>
            <artifactId>gulimall-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>com.vaadin.external.google</groupId>
                    <artifactId>android-json</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.8.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.liucan.gulimall.thirdparty.GulimallThirdPartyApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>repackage</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.启动类添加@EnableDiscoveryClient以开启服务注册与发现，并在application.yml中配置注册中心地址

spring:
  application:
    name: gulimall-third-party
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
server:
  port: 30000

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GulimallThirdPartyApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GulimallThirdPartyApplication.class, args);
    }

}

4.进入nacos，为当前服务新建一个命名空间 dataId为third-party

5.在nacos【配置管理】--【配置列表】中切换到我们刚刚新建的 third-party的命名空间，新建配置

 配置如下：

 6.在项目resource下新建bootstrap.properties指定我们配置中心的地址及所要读取的命名空间

spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=be8c72c0-916d-4bd8-8f80-14916ade1faf

spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].data-id=oss.yml
spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].group=DEFAULT_GROUP
spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].refresh=true

7.新建一个OSSContrller测试获取Policy签名

package com.liucan.gulimall.thirdparty.controller;

import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.utils.BinaryUtil;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.MatchMode;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PolicyConditions;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
public class OSSCntroller {

    @Autowired
    OSS ossClient;

    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint}")
    private String endpoint;
    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key}")
    private String accessId;
    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key}")
    private String accessKey;
    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.bucket}")
    private String bucket;

    @RequestMapping("/oss/policy")
    public Map<String, String> policy(){
        // 填写Host地址，格式为https://bucketname.endpoint。
        String host = "https://"+bucket+"."+endpoint;
        // 设置上传回调URL，即回调服务器地址，用于处理应用服务器与OSS之间的通信。OSS会在文件上传完成后，把文件上传信息通过此回调URL发送给应用服务器。
        String callbackUrl = "https://192.168.0.0:8888";
        // 设置上传到OSS文件的前缀，可置空此项。置空后，文件将上传至Bucket的根目录下。

        String dateDir = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date());
        String dir = dateDir+"/";

        // 创建ossClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessId, accessKey);

        Map<String, String> respMap = null;
        try {
            long expireTime = 30;
            long expireEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expireTime * 1000;
            Date expiration = new Date(expireEndTime);
            PolicyConditions policyConds = new PolicyConditions();
            policyConds.addConditionItem(PolicyConditions.COND_CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE, 0, 1048576000);
            policyConds.addConditionItem(MatchMode.StartWith, PolicyConditions.COND_KEY, dir);

            String postPolicy = ossClient.generatePostPolicy(expiration, policyConds);
            byte[] binaryData = postPolicy.getBytes("utf-8");
            String encodedPolicy = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(binaryData);
            String postSignature = ossClient.calculatePostSignature(postPolicy);

            respMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
            respMap.put("accessId", accessId);
            respMap.put("policy", encodedPolicy);
            respMap.put("signature", postSignature);
            respMap.put("dir", dir);
            respMap.put("host", host);
            respMap.put("expire", String.valueOf(expireEndTime / 1000));
            // respMap.put("expire", formatISO8601Date(expiration));

            JSONObject jasonCallback = new JSONObject();
            jasonCallback.put("callbackUrl", callbackUrl);
            jasonCallback.put("callbackBody",
                    "filename=${object}&size=${size}&mimeType=${mimeType}&height=${imageInfo.height}&width=${imageInfo.width}");
            jasonCallback.put("callbackBodyType", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            String base64CallbackBody = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(jasonCallback.toString().getBytes());
            respMap.put("callback", base64CallbackBody);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Assert.fail(e.getMessage());
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        return respMap;
    }
}

8.请求localhost:30000/oss/policy

 成功获取到签名，之后用户上传图片前之前先请求这个接口，然后带上这个接口返回的签名直接请求阿里云，就可以直接上传到阿里云OSS，文件流无需保存到我们的服务器再进行转发，这就是服务端签名直传。

9.将该服务统一交由Gateway进行统一的路由管理

        1.在Gateway模块中新增路由配置

        我们访问OSS服务的统一入口为api/thirdparty/

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
       - id: product_route
         uri: lb://gulimall-product #lb開啓負載均衡 路由到服務名為gulimall_product的服务
         predicates:
          - Path=/api/product/**
         filters:
          - RewritePath=/api/product/(?<segment>/?.*),/product/$\{segment}

       - id: third_party_route
         uri: lb://gulimall-third-party #lb開啓負載均衡 路由到服務名為gulimall-third-party的服务
         predicates:
          - Path=/api/thirdparty/**
         filters:
          - RewritePath=/api/thirdparty/(?<segment>/?.*),/$\{segment}

       - id: admin_route
         uri: lb://renren-fast #lb開啓負載均衡 路由到服務名為renren-fast的服务
         predicates:
         - Path=/api/**
         filters:
         - RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>/?.*),/renren-fast/$\{segment}

        2.重启Gateway，访问

 4.OOS前后端联调测试上传

1.在src/components新增文件夹upload用于存放上传的组件：

policy.js：

import http from '@/utils/httpRequest.js'
export function policy() {
   return  new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
        http({
            url: http.adornUrl("/thirdparty/oss/policy"),
            method: "get",
            params: http.adornParams({})
        }).then(({ data }) => {
            resolve(data);
        })
    });
}

singleUpload.vue：（其中要将上传路径改为我们Bucket 公网域名，可在OSS控制台查看）

<template> 
  <div>
    <el-upload action="http://hola76.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com" :data="dataObj" list-type="picture" :multiple="false" :show-file-list="showFileList" :file-list="fileList" :before-upload="beforeUpload" :on-remove="handleRemove" :on-success="handleUploadSuccess" :on-preview="handlePreview">
      <el-button size="small" type="primary">点击上传</el-button>
      <div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">只能上传jpg/png文件，且不超过10MB</div>
    </el-upload>
    <el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible">
      <img width="100%" :src="fileList[0].url" alt="">
    </el-dialog>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { policy } from './policy'
import { getUUID } from '@/utils'

export default {
  name: 'singleUpload',
  props: {
    value: String
  },
  computed: {
    imageUrl() {
      return this.value
    },
    imageName() {
      if (this.value != null && this.value !== '') {
        return this.value.substr(this.value.lastIndexOf('/') + 1)
      } else {
        return null
      }
    },
    fileList() {
      return [
        {
          name: this.imageName,
          url: this.imageUrl
        }
      ]
    },
    showFileList: {
      get: function () {
        return this.value !== null && this.value !== '' && this.value !== undefined
      },
      set: function (newValue) {}
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      dataObj: {
        policy: '',
        signature: '',
        key: '',
        ossaccessKeyId: '',
        dir: '',
        host: ''
        // callback:'',
      },
      dialogVisible: false
    }
  },
  methods: {
    emitInput(val) {
      this.$emit('input', val)
    },
    handleRemove(file, fileList) {
      this.emitInput('')
    },
    handlePreview(file) {
      this.dialogVisible = true
    },
    beforeUpload(file) {
      let _self = this
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        policy()
          .then(response => {
            _self.dataObj.policy = response.data.policy
            _self.dataObj.signature = response.data.signature
            _self.dataObj.ossaccessKeyId = response.data.accessid
            _self.dataObj.key = response.data.dir + '/' + getUUID() + '_${filename}'
            _self.dataObj.dir = response.data.dir
            _self.dataObj.host = response.data.host
            resolve(true)
          })
          .catch(err => {
            reject(false)
          })
      })
    },
    handleUploadSuccess(res, file) {
      console.log('上传成功...')
      this.showFileList = true
      this.fileList.pop()
      this.fileList.push({ name: file.name, url: this.dataObj.host + '/' + this.dataObj.key.replace('${filename}', file.name) })
      this.emitInput(this.fileList[0].url)
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style>
</style>

multiUpload.vue：（其中要将上传路径改为我们Bucket 公网域名，可在OSS控制台查看）

<template>
  <div>
    <el-upload action="http://hola76.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com" :data="dataObj" list-type="picture-card" :file-list="fileList" :before-upload="beforeUpload" :on-remove="handleRemove" :on-success="handleUploadSuccess" :on-preview="handlePreview" :limit="maxCount" :on-exceed="handleExceed">
      <i class="el-icon-plus"></i>
    </el-upload>
    <el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible">
      <img width="100%" :src="dialogImageUrl" alt />
    </el-dialog>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { policy } from './policy'
import { getUUID } from '@/utils'
export default {
  name: 'multiUpload',
  props: {
    //图片属性数组
    value: Array,
    //最大上传图片数量
    maxCount: {
      type: Number,
      default: 30
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      dataObj: {
        policy: '',
        signature: '',
        key: '',
        ossaccessKeyId: '',
        dir: '',
        host: '',
        uuid: ''
      },
      dialogVisible: false,
      dialogImageUrl: null
    }
  },
  computed: {
    fileList() {
      let fileList = []
      for (let i = 0; i < this.value.length; i++) {
        fileList.push({ url: this.value[i] })
      }

      return fileList
    }
  },
  mounted() {},
  methods: {
    emitInput(fileList) {
      let value = []
      for (let i = 0; i < fileList.length; i++) {
        value.push(fileList[i].url)
      }
      this.$emit('input', value)
    },
    handleRemove(file, fileList) {
      this.emitInput(fileList)
    },
    handlePreview(file) {
      this.dialogVisible = true
      this.dialogImageUrl = file.url
    },
    beforeUpload(file) {
      let _self = this
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        policy()
          .then(response => {
            console.log('这是什么${filename}')
            _self.dataObj.policy = response.data.policy
            _self.dataObj.signature = response.data.signature
            _self.dataObj.ossaccessKeyId = response.data.accessid
            _self.dataObj.key = response.data.dir + '/' + getUUID() + '_${filename}'
            _self.dataObj.dir = response.data.dir
            _self.dataObj.host = response.data.host
            resolve(true)
          })
          .catch(err => {
            console.log('出错了...', err)
            reject(false)
          })
      })
    },
    handleUploadSuccess(res, file) {
      this.fileList.push({
        name: file.name,
        // url: this.dataObj.host + "/" + this.dataObj.dir + "/" + file.name； 替换${filename}为真正的文件名
        url: this.dataObj.host + '/' + this.dataObj.key.replace('${filename}', file.name)
      })
      this.emitInput(this.fileList)
    },
    handleExceed(files, fileList) {
      this.$message({
        message: '最多只能上传' + this.maxCount + '张图片',
        type: 'warning',
        duration: 1000
      })
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style>
</style>

2.在brand.vue中引入并使用组件        

<single-upload></single-upload>

<script>
import singleUpload from '../../../components/upload/singleUpload.vue'
</script>

 3.效果

        发现在请求上传阿里云OSS时，产生了跨域问题 

4.在OSS控制台开启跨域访问

 

5.测试

 

 

 大概流程：前端点击上传图片->请求policy获取签名数据->将签名数据与文件流提交阿里云->阿里云进行验证、存储