Linux查看系统硬件信息(2021.06.22)

1. CPU

# 查看 cpu 的统计信息
$ lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                64
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-63
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    16
Socket(s):             2
NUMA node(s):          2
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 85
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz
Stepping:              7
CPU MHz:               2294.616
BogoMIPS:              4594.28
......

# /proc/cpuinfo 包含 cpu 的详细信息，如型号、主频等
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 85
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping        : 7
microcode       : 0x5002f01
cpu MHz         : 2294.616
cache size      : 22528 KB
......

# 查看 cpu 型号
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
     64  Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz

# 查看 cpu 数量
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
2

# 查看每个 cpu 的核心数
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq
cpu cores       : 16

# 查看每个核心的线程数
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
64

2. 内存

# 查看内存使用情况，参数 -m 以 megabytes 为单位输出 
$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         128343       51772        4333         186       72237       75399
Swap:          4095           0        4095

# /proc/meminfo 包含了内存的详细使用信息
$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:       131423944 kB
MemFree:         2672916 kB
MemAvailable:   76649028 kB
Buffers:             152 kB
Cached:         70588932 kB
SwapCached:          100 kB
Active:         78479944 kB
Inactive:       43857400 kB
Active(anon):   43494740 kB
Inactive(anon):  8445316 kB
Active(file):   34985204 kB
......

# 查看内存硬件信息，参数 -t 指定类型
$ dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 3.2
# SMBIOS entry point at 0x68e3b000
Found SMBIOS entry point in EFI, reading table from /dev/mem.
SMBIOS 3.2 present.

Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
        Maximum Capacity: 7680 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 24

Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 84 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 16384 MB
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 1
        Locator: A1
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR4
        Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
        Speed: 2933 MT/s
        Manufacturer: 00AD00B300AD
        Serial Number: 93440CDD
        Asset Tag: 01193161
......

3. 硬盘

# 列出硬盘和分区情况
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda    8:0    0  256G  0 disk
sdb    8:16   0  256G  0 disk /

# 查看硬盘和分区的详细信息
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 1919.7 GB, 1919716163584 bytes, 3749445632 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048       411647    200M  EFI System      EFI System Partition
 2       411648      1435647    500M  Microsoft basic
 3      1435648   3749443583    1.8T  Linux LVM
 ......

4. 网卡

# 查看网卡硬件信息，参数 -i 忽略大小写
$ lspci | grep -i ethernet
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
01:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)

5. 显卡

# 参数 -i 忽略大小写
$ lspci | grep -i vga
03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ASPEED Technology, Inc. ASPEED Graphics Family (rev 41)
3b:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GV102 (rev a1)
86:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GV102 (rev a1)
af:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GV102 (rev a1)

6. BIOS

$ dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 3.2
# SMBIOS entry point at 0x68e3b000
Found SMBIOS entry point in EFI, reading table from /dev/mem.
SMBIOS 3.2 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 26 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Dell Inc.
        Version: 2.7.7
        Release Date: 05/04/2020
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 32 MB
......

7. 内核版本

$ uname -a
Linux irecog 4.15.0-129-generic #132~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 16 06:46:04 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.15.0-129-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-028) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12)) #132~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 16 06:46:04 UTC 2020

8. 系统版本

# 适用于所有 linux 发行版
$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS \n \l

# 适用于 redhat 系的 linux
$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

# 适用于所有 linux 发行版
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Release:        16.04
Codename:       xenial

lsb_release命令找不到的解决方法：

redhat系列：sudo yum install redhat-lsb

debian系列：sudo apt install lsb-core