目录

Unet++网络

Dense connection

deep supervision

模型复现

Unet++

数据集准备

模型训练

训练结果

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Unet++：《UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation》

作者对Unet和Unet++的理解：研习U-Net 

延续前文：语义分割系列2-Unet（pytorch实现）

本文将介绍Unet++网络，在pytorch框架上复现Unet++，并在Camvid数据集上进行训练。

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Unet++网络

Dense connection

Unet++继承了Unet的结构，同时又借鉴了DenseNet的稠密连接方式（图1中各种分支）。

作者通过各层之间的稠密连接，互相连接起来，就像Denset那样，前前后后每一个模块互相作用，每一个模块都能看到彼此，那对彼此互相熟悉，分割效果自然就会变好。

在实际分割中，一次次的下采样自然会丢掉一些细节特征，在Unet中是使用skip connection来恢复这些细节，但能否做的更好呢？Unet++就给出了答案，这种稠密连接的方式，每一层都尽量多的保存这种细节信息和全局信息，一层层之间架起桥梁互相沟通，最后共享给最后一层，实现全局信息和局部信息的保留和重构。 

deep supervision

当然，简单的将各个模块连接起来是会实现很好的效果。而我们又能发现，一个Unet++其实是很多个不同深度的Unet++叠加。那么，每一个深度的Unet++是不是就都可以输出一个loss？答案自然是可以的。

所以，作者提出了deep supervision，也就是监督每一个深度的Unet++的输出，通过一定的方式来叠加Loss（比如加权的方式），这样就得到了一个经由1、2、3、4层的Unet++的加权Loss（图2 不同深度Unet++融合）。

那么，deep supervision又有什么用呢？-剪枝

既然Unet++由多个不同深度的Unet++叠加起来，那么随意去掉一层，前向传播的梯度不会受到任何变化，但你发现Unet++第三个输出的效果和第四个输出效果差不多时，那就可以毫不犹豫删去4层深度的Unet++。比如，直接删去图3中棕色部分，就可以实现剪枝。这样，就得到了更加轻量化的网络。

模型复现

Unet++

为了更直观一些，我把代码中的所有符号都和网络结构中对应上了。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class ContinusParalleConv(nn.Module):
    # 一个连续的卷积模块，包含BatchNorm 在前 和 在后 两种模式
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, pre_Batch_Norm = True):
        super(ContinusParalleConv, self).__init__()
        self.in_channels = in_channels
        self.out_channels = out_channels

        if pre_Batch_Norm:
          self.Conv_forward = nn.Sequential(
            nn.BatchNorm2d(self.in_channels),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Conv2d(self.in_channels, self.out_channels, 3, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Conv2d(self.out_channels, self.out_channels, 3, padding=1))

        else:
          self.Conv_forward = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(self.in_channels, self.out_channels, 3, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Conv2d(self.out_channels, self.out_channels, 3, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(self.out_channels),
            nn.ReLU())

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.Conv_forward(x)
        return x
 
class UnetPlusPlus(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes, deep_supervision=False):
        super(UnetPlusPlus, self).__init__()
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.deep_supervision = deep_supervision
        self.filters = [64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
        
        self.CONV3_1 = ContinusParalleConv(512*2, 512, pre_Batch_Norm = True)

        self.CONV2_2 = ContinusParalleConv(256*3, 256, pre_Batch_Norm = True)
        self.CONV2_1 = ContinusParalleConv(256*2, 256, pre_Batch_Norm = True)

        self.CONV1_1 = ContinusParalleConv(128*2, 128, pre_Batch_Norm = True)
        self.CONV1_2 = ContinusParalleConv(128*3, 128, pre_Batch_Norm = True)
        self.CONV1_3 = ContinusParalleConv(128*4, 128, pre_Batch_Norm = True)

        self.CONV0_1 = ContinusParalleConv(64*2, 64, pre_Batch_Norm = True)
        self.CONV0_2 = ContinusParalleConv(64*3, 64, pre_Batch_Norm = True)
        self.CONV0_3 = ContinusParalleConv(64*4, 64, pre_Batch_Norm = True)
        self.CONV0_4 = ContinusParalleConv(64*5, 64, pre_Batch_Norm = True)


        self.stage_0 = ContinusParalleConv(3, 64, pre_Batch_Norm = False)
        self.stage_1 = ContinusParalleConv(64, 128, pre_Batch_Norm = False)
        self.stage_2 = ContinusParalleConv(128, 256, pre_Batch_Norm = False)
        self.stage_3 = ContinusParalleConv(256, 512, pre_Batch_Norm = False)
        self.stage_4 = ContinusParalleConv(512, 1024, pre_Batch_Norm = False)

        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2)
    
        self.upsample_3_1 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=1024, out_channels=512, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 

        self.upsample_2_1 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=512, out_channels=256, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 
        self.upsample_2_2 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=512, out_channels=256, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 

        self.upsample_1_1 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=256, out_channels=128, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 
        self.upsample_1_2 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=256, out_channels=128, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 
        self.upsample_1_3 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=256, out_channels=128, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 

        self.upsample_0_1 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=128, out_channels=64, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 
        self.upsample_0_2 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=128, out_channels=64, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 
        self.upsample_0_3 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=128, out_channels=64, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 
        self.upsample_0_4 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels=128, out_channels=64, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1) 

        
        # 分割头
        self.final_super_0_1 = nn.Sequential(
          nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
          nn.ReLU(),
          nn.Conv2d(64, self.num_classes, 3, padding=1),
        )        
        self.final_super_0_2 = nn.Sequential(
          nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
          nn.ReLU(),
          nn.Conv2d(64, self.num_classes, 3, padding=1),
        )        
        self.final_super_0_3 = nn.Sequential(
          nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
          nn.ReLU(),
          nn.Conv2d(64, self.num_classes, 3, padding=1),
        )        
        self.final_super_0_4 = nn.Sequential(
          nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
          nn.ReLU(),
          nn.Conv2d(64, self.num_classes, 3, padding=1),
        )        

        
    def forward(self, x):
        x_0_0 = self.stage_0(x)
        x_1_0 = self.stage_1(self.pool(x_0_0))
        x_2_0 = self.stage_2(self.pool(x_1_0))
        x_3_0 = self.stage_3(self.pool(x_2_0))
        x_4_0 = self.stage_4(self.pool(x_3_0))
        
        x_0_1 = torch.cat([self.upsample_0_1(x_1_0) , x_0_0], 1)
        x_0_1 =  self.CONV0_1(x_0_1)
        
        x_1_1 = torch.cat([self.upsample_1_1(x_2_0), x_1_0], 1)
        x_1_1 = self.CONV1_1(x_1_1)
        
        x_2_1 = torch.cat([self.upsample_2_1(x_3_0), x_2_0], 1)
        x_2_1 = self.CONV2_1(x_2_1)
        
        x_3_1 = torch.cat([self.upsample_3_1(x_4_0), x_3_0], 1)
        x_3_1 = self.CONV3_1(x_3_1)
 
        x_2_2 = torch.cat([self.upsample_2_2(x_3_1), x_2_0, x_2_1], 1)
        x_2_2 = self.CONV2_2(x_2_2)
        
        x_1_2 = torch.cat([self.upsample_1_2(x_2_1), x_1_0, x_1_1], 1)
        x_1_2 = self.CONV1_2(x_1_2)
        
        x_1_3 = torch.cat([self.upsample_1_3(x_2_2), x_1_0, x_1_1, x_1_2], 1)
        x_1_3 = self.CONV1_3(x_1_3)
 
        x_0_2 = torch.cat([self.upsample_0_2(x_1_1), x_0_0, x_0_1], 1)
        x_0_2 = self.CONV0_2(x_0_2)
        
        x_0_3 = torch.cat([self.upsample_0_3(x_1_2), x_0_0, x_0_1, x_0_2], 1)
        x_0_3 = self.CONV0_3(x_0_3)
        
        x_0_4 = torch.cat([self.upsample_0_4(x_1_3), x_0_0, x_0_1, x_0_2, x_0_3], 1)
        x_0_4 = self.CONV0_4(x_0_4)
    
    
        if self.deep_supervision:
            out_put1 = self.final_super_0_1(x_0_1)
            out_put2 = self.final_super_0_2(x_0_2)
            out_put3 = self.final_super_0_3(x_0_3)
            out_put4 = self.final_super_0_4(x_0_4)
            return [out_put1, out_put2, out_put3, out_put4]
        else:
            return self.final_super_0_4(x_0_4)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("deep_supervision: False")
    deep_supervision = False
    device = torch.device('cpu')
    inputs = torch.randn((1, 3, 224, 224)).to(device)
    model = UnetPlusPlus(num_classes=3, deep_supervision=deep_supervision).to(device)
    outputs = model(inputs)
    print(outputs.shape)    
    
    print("deep_supervision: True")
    deep_supervision = True
    model = UnetPlusPlus(num_classes=3, deep_supervision=deep_supervision).to(device)
    outputs = model(inputs)
    for out in outputs:
      print(out.shape)

测试结果如下 

数据集准备

数据集使用Camvid数据集，可在CamVid数据集的创建和使用-pytorch中参考构建方法。

# 导入库
import os
os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0'

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import optim
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader, random_split
from tqdm import tqdm
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import os.path as osp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import albumentations as A
from albumentations.pytorch.transforms import ToTensorV2


torch.manual_seed(17)
# 自定义数据集CamVidDataset
class CamVidDataset(torch.utils.data.Dataset):
    """CamVid Dataset. Read images, apply augmentation and preprocessing transformations.
    
    Args:
        images_dir (str): path to images folder
        masks_dir (str): path to segmentation masks folder
        class_values (list): values of classes to extract from segmentation mask
        augmentation (albumentations.Compose): data transfromation pipeline 
            (e.g. flip, scale, etc.)
        preprocessing (albumentations.Compose): data preprocessing 
            (e.g. noralization, shape manipulation, etc.)
    """
    
    def __init__(self, images_dir, masks_dir):
        self.transform = A.Compose([
            A.Resize(224, 224),
            A.HorizontalFlip(),
            A.VerticalFlip(),
            A.Normalize(),
            ToTensorV2(),
        ]) 
        self.ids = os.listdir(images_dir)
        self.images_fps = [os.path.join(images_dir, image_id) for image_id in self.ids]
        self.masks_fps = [os.path.join(masks_dir, image_id) for image_id in self.ids]

    
    def __getitem__(self, i):
        # read data
        image = np.array(Image.open(self.images_fps[i]).convert('RGB'))
        mask = np.array( Image.open(self.masks_fps[i]).convert('RGB'))
        image = self.transform(image=image,mask=mask)
        
        return image['image'], image['mask'][:,:,0]
        
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.ids)
    
    
# 设置数据集路径
DATA_DIR = r'dataset\camvid' # 根据自己的路径来设置
x_train_dir = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, 'train_images')
y_train_dir = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, 'train_labels')
x_valid_dir = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, 'valid_images')
y_valid_dir = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, 'valid_labels')
    
train_dataset = CamVidDataset(
    x_train_dir, 
    y_train_dir, 
)
val_dataset = CamVidDataset(
    x_valid_dir, 
    y_valid_dir, 
)

train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=8, shuffle=True,drop_last=True)
val_loader = DataLoader(val_dataset, batch_size=8, shuffle=True,drop_last=True)

模型训练

model = UnetPlusPlus(num_classes=33).cuda()
#载入预训练模型
#model.load_state_dict(torch.load(r"checkpoints/Unet++_25.pth"),strict=False)

from d2l import torch as d2l
from tqdm import tqdm
import pandas as pd
#损失函数选用多分类交叉熵损失函数
lossf = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=255)
#选用adam优化器来训练
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=0.1)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=50, gamma=0.1, last_epoch=-1)

#训练50轮
epochs_num = 50
def train_ch13(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, trainer, num_epochs,scheduler,
               devices=d2l.try_all_gpus()):
    timer, num_batches = d2l.Timer(), len(train_iter)
    animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', xlim=[1, num_epochs], ylim=[0, 1],
                            legend=['train loss', 'train acc', 'test acc'])
    net = nn.DataParallel(net, device_ids=devices).to(devices[0])
    
    loss_list = []
    train_acc_list = []
    test_acc_list = []
    epochs_list = []
    time_list = []
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        # Sum of training loss, sum of training accuracy, no. of examples,
        # no. of predictions
        metric = d2l.Accumulator(4)
        for i, (features, labels) in enumerate(train_iter):
            timer.start()
            l, acc = d2l.train_batch_ch13(
                net, features, labels.long(), loss, trainer, devices)
            metric.add(l, acc, labels.shape[0], labels.numel())
            timer.stop()
            if (i + 1) % (num_batches // 5) == 0 or i == num_batches - 1:
                animator.add(epoch + (i + 1) / num_batches,
                             (metric[0] / metric[2], metric[1] / metric[3],
                              None))
        test_acc = d2l.evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, test_iter)
        animator.add(epoch + 1, (None, None, test_acc))
        scheduler.step()

        print(f"epoch {epoch+1} --- loss {metric[0] / metric[2]:.3f} ---  train acc {metric[1] / metric[3]:.3f} --- test acc {test_acc:.3f} --- cost time {timer.sum()}")
        
        #---------保存训练数据---------------
        df = pd.DataFrame()
        loss_list.append(metric[0] / metric[2])
        train_acc_list.append(metric[1] / metric[3])
        test_acc_list.append(test_acc)
        epochs_list.append(epoch)
        time_list.append(timer.sum())
        
        df['epoch'] = epochs_list
        df['loss'] = loss_list
        df['train_acc'] = train_acc_list
        df['test_acc'] = test_acc_list
        df['time'] = time_list
        df.to_excel("savefile/Unet++_camvid1.xlsx")
        #----------------保存模型-------------------
        if np.mod(epoch+1, 5) == 0:
            torch.save(model.state_dict(), f'checkpoints/Unet++_{epoch+1}.pth')

开始训练

train_ch13(model, train_loader, val_loader, lossf, optimizer, epochs_num,scheduler)

训练结果