我正在努力克服它,但我就是无法理解使用 PDO 和 MySQL 在 PHP 中处理事务背后的逻辑。
我知道这个问题会很长,但我认为这是值得的。
考虑到我阅读了很多关于 MySQL 事务的文章,服务器如何处理它们,它们与锁和其他隐式提交语句的关系等等,不仅在 SO 上,而且在 MySQL 和 PHP 手册上:
给出这段代码:
架构:
CREATE TABLE table_name (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
table_col VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
CREATE TABLE `another_table` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`another_col` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
test1.php(使用 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0)):
<?php
// PDO
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USER', 'user');
define('DB_PASS', 'password');
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');
/**
* Uses `$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);`
*/
class Database {
private $host = DB_HOST;
private $user = DB_USER;
private $pass = DB_PASS;
private $dbname = DB_NAME;
private $pdo;
public $error;
private $stmt;
public function __construct($host=NULL,$user=NULL,$pass=NULL,$dbname=NULL) {
if ($host!==NULL)
$this->host=$host;
if ($user!==NULL)
$this->user=$user;
if ($pass!==NULL)
$this->pass=$pass;
if ($dbname!==NULL)
$this->dbname=$dbname;
// Set DSN
$dsn = 'mysql:host=' . $this->host . ';dbname=' . $this->dbname;
// Set options
$options = array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false,
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
);
// Create a new PDO instanace
$this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $this->user, $this->pass, $options);
$this->pdo->exec("SET NAMES 'utf8'");
}
public function cursorClose() {
$this->stmt->closeCursor();
}
public function close() {
$this->pdo = null;
$this->stmt = null;
return true;
}
public function beginTransaction() {
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);
return $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
}
public function commit() {
$ok = $this->pdo->commit();
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}
public function rollback() {
$ok = $this->pdo->rollback();
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}
public function bind($param, $value, $type = null){
if (is_null($type)) {
switch (true) {
case is_int($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_INT;
break;
case is_bool($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
break;
case is_null($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_NULL;
break;
default:
$type = PDO::PARAM_STR;
}
}
$this->stmt->bindValue($param, $value, $type);
}
public function runquery() {
$this->stmt->execute();
}
public function execute($nameValuePairArray = NULL) {
try {
if (is_array($nameValuePairArray) && !empty($nameValuePairArray))
return $this->stmt->execute($nameValuePairArray);
else
return $this->stmt->execute();
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
$this->error = $e->getMessage();
}
return FALSE;
}
public function lastInsertId() {
return $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
}
public function insert($table, $data) {
if (!empty($data)){
$fields = "";
$values = "";
foreach($data as $field => $value) {
if ($fields==""){
$fields = "$field";
$values = ":$field";
}
else {
$fields .= ",$field";
$values .= ",:$field";
}
}
$query = "INSERT INTO $table ($fields) VALUES ($values) ";
$this->query($query);
foreach($data as $field => $value){
$this->bind(":$field",$value);
}
if ($this->execute()===FALSE)
return FALSE;
else
return $this->lastInsertId();
}
$this->error = "No fields during insert";
return FALSE;
}
public function query($query) {
$this->stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
}
public function setBuffered($isBuffered=false){
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, $isBuffered);
}
public function lockTables($tables){
$query = "LOCK TABLES ";
foreach($tables as $table=>$lockType){
$query .= "{$table} {$lockType}, ";
}
$query = substr($query,0, strlen($query)-2);
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}
public function unlockTables(){
$query = "UNLOCK TABLES";
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}
}
$db = NULL;
try {
$db = new Database();
$db->beginTransaction();
// If I call `LOCK TABLES` here... No implicit commit. Why?
// Does `$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);` prevent it?
$db->lockTables(array('another_table' => 'WRITE'));
$db->insert('another_table', array('another_col' => 'TEST1_ANOTHER_TABLE'));
$db->unlockTables();
// If I insert a row, other MySQL clients do not see it. Why?
// I called `LOCK TABLES` above and as the MySQL manual says:
//
// LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
//
$db->insert('table_name', array('table_col' => 'TEST1_TABLE_NAME'));
//...
// If I rollback for some reason, everything rolls back, but shouldn't the transaction
// be already committed with the initial `LOCK TABLES`?
// So I should expect to get a PDOException like "There's no active transaction" or something similar, shouldn't I?
//$db->rollback();
// If I commit instead of the above `$db->rollback()` line, everything is committed, but only now other clients see the new row in `table_name`,
// not straightforward as soon I called `$db->insert()`, whereas I guess they should have seen the change
// even before the following line because I am using `LOCK TABLES` before (see `test2.php`).
$db->commit();
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
if (!is_null($db)) {
$db->close();
}
test2.php(没有 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 行的数据库(已注释掉)):
<?php
// PDO
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USER', 'user');
define('DB_PASS', 'password');
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');
/**
* Does not use `$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);`
*/
class Database {
private $host = DB_HOST;
private $user = DB_USER;
private $pass = DB_PASS;
private $dbname = DB_NAME;
private $pdo;
public $error;
private $stmt;
public function __construct($host=NULL,$user=NULL,$pass=NULL,$dbname=NULL) {
if ($host!==NULL)
$this->host=$host;
if ($user!==NULL)
$this->user=$user;
if ($pass!==NULL)
$this->pass=$pass;
if ($dbname!==NULL)
$this->dbname=$dbname;
// Set DSN
$dsn = 'mysql:host=' . $this->host . ';dbname=' . $this->dbname;
// Set options
$options = array(
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => false,
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
);
// Create a new PDO instanace
$this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $this->user, $this->pass, $options);
$this->pdo->exec("SET NAMES 'utf8'");
}
public function cursorClose() {
$this->stmt->closeCursor();
}
public function close() {
$this->pdo = null;
$this->stmt = null;
return true;
}
public function beginTransaction() {
//$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,0);
return $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
}
public function commit() {
$ok = $this->pdo->commit();
//$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}
public function rollback() {
$ok = $this->pdo->rollback();
//$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,1);
return $ok;
}
public function bind($param, $value, $type = null){
if (is_null($type)) {
switch (true) {
case is_int($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_INT;
break;
case is_bool($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
break;
case is_null($value):
$type = PDO::PARAM_NULL;
break;
default:
$type = PDO::PARAM_STR;
}
}
$this->stmt->bindValue($param, $value, $type);
}
public function runquery() {
$this->stmt->execute();
}
public function execute($nameValuePairArray = NULL) {
try {
if (is_array($nameValuePairArray) && !empty($nameValuePairArray))
return $this->stmt->execute($nameValuePairArray);
else
return $this->stmt->execute();
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
$this->error = $e->getMessage();
}
return FALSE;
}
public function lastInsertId() {
return $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
}
public function insert($table, $data) {
if (!empty($data)){
$fields = "";
$values = "";
foreach($data as $field => $value) {
if ($fields==""){
$fields = "$field";
$values = ":$field";
}
else {
$fields .= ",$field";
$values .= ",:$field";
}
}
$query = "INSERT INTO $table ($fields) VALUES ($values) ";
$this->query($query);
foreach($data as $field => $value){
$this->bind(":$field",$value);
}
if ($this->execute()===FALSE)
return FALSE;
else
return $this->lastInsertId();
}
$this->error = "No fields during insert";
return FALSE;
}
public function query($query) {
$this->stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
}
public function setBuffered($isBuffered=false){
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY, $isBuffered);
}
public function lockTables($tables){
$query = "LOCK TABLES ";
foreach($tables as $table=>$lockType){
$query .= "{$table} {$lockType}, ";
}
$query = substr($query,0, strlen($query)-2);
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}
public function unlockTables(){
$query = "UNLOCK TABLES";
$this->query($query);
return $this->execute();
}
}
$db = NULL;
try {
$db = new Database();
$db->beginTransaction();
// If I call `LOCK TABLES` here... There's an implicit commit.
$db->lockTables(array('another_table' => 'WRITE'));
$db->insert('another_table', array('another_col' => 'TEST2_ANOTHER_TABLE'));
$db->unlockTables();
// If I insert a row, other MySQL clients see it straightforward (no need to reach `$db->commit()`).
// This is coherent with the MySQL manual:
//
// LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
//
$db->insert('table_name', array('table_col' => 'TEST2_TABLE_NAME'));
//...
// If I rollback for some reason, the row does not rollback, as the transaction
// was already committed with the initial `LOCK TABLES` statement above.
//
// I cannot rollback the insert into table `table_name`
//
// So I should expect to get a PDOException like "There's no active transaction" or something similar, shouldn't I?
$db->rollback();
// If I commit instead of the above `$db->rollback()` line, I guess nothing happens, because the transaction
// was already committed and as I said above, and clients already saw the changes before this line was reached.
// Again, this is coherent with the MySQL statement:
//
// LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
//
//$db->commit();
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
if (!is_null($db)) {
$db->close();
}
我还有以下疑惑和悬而未决的问题:
使用 InnoDB,两者之间有区别吗
PDO::beginTransaction() 和 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 当我们在 PHP 和/或带有普通 MySQL 语句 SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0; 和 START TRANSACTION; 的 MySQL?如果是,那是什么?
如果您查看我的 PHP 示例,在 Database::beginTransaction() 包装器方法中,我同时使用了 PDO::beginTransaction() 和 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 在文件 test1.php 并且不要在文件中使用 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) test2.php。
我发现当我使用 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 时会发生奇怪的事情:
PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0)行在Database(test1.php)里面一个
使用 LOCK TABLES 语句的交易,LOCK TABLES 不
似乎隐式提交事务,因为如果我连接
对于另一个客户端,在代码到达 $db->commit(); 行之前,我看不到插入的行,而 MySQL
手册说:
LOCK TABLES is not transaction-safe and implicitly commits any active transaction before attempting to lock the tables.
因此我们可以说 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) (在 MySQL 上是
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;) 事务未隐式提交
像 LOCK TABLES 这样的语句?那么我会说有一个
MySQL 手册和 PHP PDO 实现之间的不一致
(我不是提示,我只是想明白);
没有 Database (test2.php) 中的 PDO::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT, 0) 行,该代码似乎与 MySQL 的行为一致
手动 LOCK TABLES 不是事务安全的并且是隐式的
在尝试锁定之前提交任何事件事务
表。:一旦它到达 LOCK TABLES 查询,就会有一个隐式提交,所以在 $db->insert('table_name', array('table_col ' => 'TEST2_TABLE_NAME')); 其他客户端甚至在到达 $db->commit();;
我刚才描述的以下行为的解释是什么?当我们使用 PHP 的 PDO 并在我们的事务中包含 implicit-commit 语句时,事务如何工作?
我的PHP版本是7.0.22,MySQL版本是5.7.20。
感谢关注。
最佳答案
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html说:
If autocommit mode is disabled within a session with SET autocommit = 0, the session always has a transaction open. A COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement ends the current transaction and a new one starts.
因此,当您在一个 session (称之为 session 1)中设置 autocommit=0 时,这将隐式打开一个事务,并使其无限期打开。
默认的事务隔离级别是REPEATABLE-READ。因此,在 session 1 明确提交或回滚之前,您的 session 不会看到来自其他 session 工作的已提交更改的刷新 View 。
您在另一个 session 2 中的 LOCK TABLES 确实导致隐式提交,但 session 1 看不到结果,因为它仍然只能看到数据的孤立 View ,因为它有自己的事务快照。
关于PHP PDO MySQL 以及它如何真正处理 MySQL 事务?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47810114/
我正在学习如何使用Nokogiri,根据这段代码我遇到了一些问题:require'rubygems'require'mechanize'post_agent=WWW::Mechanize.newpost_page=post_agent.get('http://www.vbulletin.org/forum/showthread.php?t=230708')puts"\nabsolutepathwithtbodygivesnil"putspost_page.parser.xpath('/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/table/tbody/tr/td/div
总的来说,我对ruby还比较陌生,我正在为我正在创建的对象编写一些rspec测试用例。许多测试用例都非常基础,我只是想确保正确填充和返回值。我想知道是否有办法使用循环结构来执行此操作。不必为我要测试的每个方法都设置一个assertEquals。例如:describeitem,"TestingtheItem"doit"willhaveanullvaluetostart"doitem=Item.new#HereIcoulddotheitem.name.shouldbe_nil#thenIcoulddoitem.category.shouldbe_nilendend但我想要一些方法来使用
关闭。这个问题是opinion-based.它目前不接受答案。想要改进这个问题?更新问题,以便editingthispost可以用事实和引用来回答它.关闭4年前。Improvethisquestion我想在固定时间创建一系列低音和高音调的哔哔声。例如:在150毫秒时发出高音调的蜂鸣声在151毫秒时发出低音调的蜂鸣声200毫秒时发出低音调的蜂鸣声250毫秒的高音调蜂鸣声有没有办法在Ruby或Python中做到这一点?我真的不在乎输出编码是什么(.wav、.mp3、.ogg等等),但我确实想创建一个输出文件。
给定这段代码defcreate@upgrades=User.update_all(["role=?","upgraded"],:id=>params[:upgrade])redirect_toadmin_upgrades_path,:notice=>"Successfullyupgradeduser."end我如何在该操作中实际验证它们是否已保存或未重定向到适当的页面和消息? 最佳答案 在Rails3中,update_all不返回任何有意义的信息,除了已更新的记录数(这可能取决于您的DBMS是否返回该信息)。http://ar.ru
我在我的项目目录中完成了compasscreate.和compassinitrails。几个问题:我已将我的.sass文件放在public/stylesheets中。这是放置它们的正确位置吗?当我运行compasswatch时,它不会自动编译这些.sass文件。我必须手动指定文件:compasswatchpublic/stylesheets/myfile.sass等。如何让它自动运行?文件ie.css、print.css和screen.css已放在stylesheets/compiled。如何在编译后不让它们重新出现的情况下删除它们?我自己编译的.sass文件编译成compiled/t
我正在寻找执行以下操作的正确语法(在Perl、Shell或Ruby中):#variabletoaccessthedatalinesappendedasafileEND_OF_SCRIPT_MARKERrawdatastartshereanditcontinues. 最佳答案 Perl用__DATA__做这个:#!/usr/bin/perlusestrict;usewarnings;while(){print;}__DATA__Texttoprintgoeshere 关于ruby-如何将脚
我正在使用的第三方API的文档状态:"[O]urAPIonlyacceptspaddedBase64encodedstrings."什么是“填充的Base64编码字符串”以及如何在Ruby中生成它们。下面的代码是我第一次尝试创建转换为Base64的JSON格式数据。xa=Base64.encode64(a.to_json) 最佳答案 他们说的padding其实就是Base64本身的一部分。它是末尾的“=”和“==”。Base64将3个字节的数据包编码为4个编码字符。所以如果你的输入数据有长度n和n%3=1=>"=="末尾用于填充n%
Rackup通过Rack的默认处理程序成功运行任何Rack应用程序。例如:classRackAppdefcall(environment)['200',{'Content-Type'=>'text/html'},["Helloworld"]]endendrunRackApp.new但是当最后一行更改为使用Rack的内置CGI处理程序时,rackup给出“NoMethodErrorat/undefinedmethod`call'fornil:NilClass”:Rack::Handler::CGI.runRackApp.newRack的其他内置处理程序也提出了同样的反对意见。例如Rack
在选择我想要运行操作的频率时,唯一的选项是“每天”、“每小时”和“每10分钟”。谢谢!我想为我的Rails3.1应用程序运行调度程序。 最佳答案 这不是一个优雅的解决方案,但您可以安排它每天运行,并在实际开始工作之前检查日期是否为当月的第一天。 关于ruby-如何每月在Heroku运行一次Scheduler插件?,我们在StackOverflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8692687/
我有一个对象has_many应呈现为xml的子对象。这不是问题。我的问题是我创建了一个Hash包含此数据,就像解析器需要它一样。但是rails自动将整个文件包含在.........我需要摆脱type="array"和我该如何处理?我没有在文档中找到任何内容。 最佳答案 我遇到了同样的问题;这是我的XML:我在用这个:entries.to_xml将散列数据转换为XML,但这会将条目的数据包装到中所以我修改了:entries.to_xml(root:"Contacts")但这仍然将转换后的XML包装在“联系人”中,将我的XML代码修改为