目录

• 前言

• Table：双键 Map

• BiMap：双向 Map

• Multimap：多值 Map

• RangeMap：范围 Map

• ClassToInstanceMap：实例 Map

• 总结

前言

Guava 是 Google 公司开发的一款 Java 类库扩展工具包，内含了丰富的 API，涵盖了集合、缓存、并发、I/O 等多个方面。

使用这些 API 一方面可以简化我们代码，使代码更为优雅，另一方面它补充了很多 jdk 中没有的功能，能让我们开发中更为高效。

今天我要给大家分享的就是 Guava 中封装的一些关于 Map 的骚操作，在使用了这些功能后，不得不说一句真香。

先引入依赖坐标，然后开始我们的正式体验吧：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs xml" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>30.1.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
</pre>

Table：双键 Map

Java 中的 Map 只允许有一个 key 和一个 value 存在，但是 guava 中的 Table 允许一个 value 存在两个 key。

Table 中的两个 key 分别被称为 rowKey 和 columnKey，也就是行和列。（但是个人感觉将它们理解为行和列并不是很准确，看作两列的话可能会更加合适一些）

举一个简单的例子，假如要记录员工每个月工作的天数。用 Java 中普通的 Map 实现的话就需要两层嵌套：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Map<String,Map<String,Integer>> map=new HashMap<>();
//存放元素
Map<String,Integer> workMap=new HashMap<>();
workMap.put("Jan",20);
workMap.put("Feb",28);
map.put("Hydra",workMap);

//取出元素
Integer dayCount = map.get("Hydra").get("Jan");
</pre>

如果使用 Table 的话就很简单了，看一看简化后的代码：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs verilog" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Table<String,String,Integer> table= HashBasedTable.create();
//存放元素
table.put("Hydra", "Jan", 20);
table.put("Hydra", "Feb", 28);

table.put("Trunks", "Jan", 28);
table.put("Trunks", "Feb", 16);

//取出元素
Integer dayCount = table.get("Hydra", "Feb");
</pre>

我们不需要再构建复杂的双层 Map，直接一层搞定。除了元素的存取外，下面再看看其他的实用操作。

| 获得 key 或 value 的集合

代码如下：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs delphi" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">//rowKey或columnKey的集合
Set<String> rowKeys = table.rowKeySet();
Set<String> columnKeys = table.columnKeySet();

//value集合
Collection<Integer> values = table.values();
</pre>

分别打印它们的结果，key 的集合是不包含重复元素的，value 集合则包含了所有元素并没有去重：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs json" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[Hydra, Trunks]
[Jan, Feb]
[20, 28, 28, 16]
</pre>

| 计算 key 对应的所有 value 的和

以统计所有 rowKey 对应的 value 之和为例：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">for (String key : table.rowKeySet()) {
Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> rows = table.row(key).entrySet();
int total = 0;
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> row : rows) {
total += row.getValue();
}
System.out.println(key + ": " + total);
}
</pre>

打印结果：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs http" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Hydra: 48
Trunks: 44
</pre>

| 转换 rowKey 和 columnKey

这一操作也可以理解为行和列的转置，直接调用 Tables 的静态方法 transpose：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbnet" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Table<String, String, Integer> table2 = Tables.transpose(table);
Set<Table.Cell<String, String, Integer>> cells = table2.cellSet();
cells.forEach(cell->
System.out.println(cell.getRowKey()+","+cell.getColumnKey()+":"+cell.getValue())
);
</pre>

利用 cellSet 方法可以得到所有的数据行，打印结果，可以看到 row 和 column 发生了互换：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs less" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Jan,Hydra:20
Feb,Hydra:28
Jan,Trunks:28
Feb,Trunks:16
</pre>

| 转为嵌套的 Map

还记得我们在没有使用 Table 前存储数据的格式吗，如果想要将数据还原成嵌套 Map 的那种形式，使用 Table 的 rowMap 或 columnMap 方法就可以实现了：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> rowMap = table.rowMap();
Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> columnMap = table.columnMap();
</pre>

查看转换格式后的 Map 中的内容，分别按照行和列进行了汇总：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs clojure" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{Hydra={Jan=20, Feb=28}, Trunks={Jan=28, Feb=16}}
{Jan={Hydra=20, Trunks=28}, Feb={Hydra=28, Trunks=16}}
</pre>

BiMap：双向 Map

在普通 Map 中，如果要想根据 value 查找对应的 key，没什么简便的办法，无论是使用 for 循环还是迭代器，都需要遍历整个 Map。

以循环 keySet 的方式为例：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public List<String> findKey(Map<String, String> map, String val){
List<String> keys=new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
if (map.get(key).equals(val))
keys.add(key);
}
return keys;
}
</pre>

而 guava 中的 BiMap 提供了一种 key 和 value 双向关联的数据结构，先看一个简单的例子：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HashBiMap<String, String> biMap = HashBiMap.create();
biMap.put("Hydra","Programmer");
biMap.put("Tony","IronMan");
biMap.put("Thanos","Titan");
//使用key获取value
System.out.println(biMap.get("Tony"));

BiMap<String, String> inverse = biMap.inverse();
//使用value获取key
System.out.println(inverse.get("Titan"));
</pre>

执行结果：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs nginx" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">IronMan
Thanos
</pre>

看上去很实用是不是？但是使用中还有几个坑得避一下，下面一个个梳理。

| 反转后操作的影响

上面我们用 inverse 方法反转了原来 BiMap 的键值映射，但是这个反转后的 BiMap 并不是一个新的对象，它实现了一种视图的关联，所以对反转后的 BiMap 执行的所有操作会作用于原先的 BiMap 上。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cmake" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HashBiMap<String, String> biMap = HashBiMap.create();
biMap.put("Hydra","Programmer");
biMap.put("Tony","IronMan");
biMap.put("Thanos","Titan");
BiMap<String, String> inverse = biMap.inverse();

inverse.put("IronMan","Stark");
System.out.println(biMap);
</pre>

对反转后的 BiMap 中的内容进行了修改后，再看一下原先 BiMap 中的内容：

<pre class="hljs clojure" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{Hydra=Programmer, Thanos=Titan, Stark=IronMan}
</pre>

可以看到，原先值为 IronMan 时对应的键是 Tony，虽然没有直接修改，但是现在键变成了 Stark。

| value 不可重复

BiMap 的底层继承了 Map，我们知道在 Map 中 key 是不允许重复的，而双向的 BiMap 中 key 和 value 可以认为处于等价地位，因此在这个基础上加了限制，value 也是不允许重复的。

看一下下面的代码：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cmake" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HashBiMap<String, String> biMap = HashBiMap.create();
biMap.put("Tony","IronMan");
biMap.put("Stark","IronMan");
</pre>

这样代码无法正常结束，会抛出一个 IllegalArgumentException 异常：

[图片上传失败...(image-d4137-1652424629823)]

如果你非想把新的 key 映射到已有的 value 上，那么也可以使用 forcePut 方法强制替换掉原有的 key：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cmake" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">HashBiMap<String, String> biMap = HashBiMap.create();
biMap.put("Tony","IronMan");
biMap.forcePut("Stark","IronMan");
</pre>

打印一下替换后的 BiMap：

<pre class="hljs clojure" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{Stark=IronMan}
</pre>

顺带多说一句，由于 BiMap 的 value 是不允许重复的，因此它的 values 方法返回的是没有重复的 Set，而不是普通 Collection：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs sql" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Set<String> values = biMap.values();
</pre>

Multimap：多值 Map

Java 中的 Map 维护的是键值一对一的关系，如果要将一个键映射到多个值上，那么就只能把值的内容设为集合形式，简单实现如下：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cpp" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Map<String, List<Integer>> map=new HashMap<>();
List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
map.put("day",list);
</pre>

Guava 中的 Multimap 提供了将一个键映射到多个值的形式，使用起来无需定义复杂的内层集合，可以像使用普通的 Map 一样使用它，定义及放入数据如下：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cpp" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Multimap<String, Integer> multimap = ArrayListMultimap.create();
multimap.put("day",1);
multimap.put("day",2);
multimap.put("day",8);
multimap.put("month",3);
</pre>

打印这个 Multimap 的内容，可以直观的看到每个 key 对应的都是一个集合：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs clojure" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{month=[3], day=[1, 2, 8]}
</pre>

| 获取值的集合

在上面的操作中，创建的普通 Multimap 的 get(key) 方法将返回一个 Collection 类型的集合：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbscript" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Collection<Integer> day = multimap.get("day");
</pre>

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">如果在创建时指定为 ArrayListMultimap 类型，那么 get 方法将返回一个 List：</pre>

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbnet" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ArrayListMultimap<String, Integer> multimap = ArrayListMultimap.create();
List<Integer> day = multimap.get("day");
</pre>

同理，你还可以创建 HashMultimap、TreeMultimap 等类型的 Multimap。

Multimap 的 get 方法会返回一个非 null 的集合，但是这个集合的内容可能是空，看一下下面的例子：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbscript" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">List<Integer> day = multimap.get("day");
List<Integer> year = multimap.get("year");
System.out.println(day);
System.out.println(year);
</pre>

打印结果：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs json" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[1, 2, 8]
[]
</pre>

| 操作 get 后的集合

和 BiMap 的使用类似，使用 get 方法返回的集合也不是一个独立的对象，可以理解为集合视图的关联，对这个新集合的操作仍然会作用于原始的 Multimap 上。

看一下下面的例子：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cpp" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ArrayListMultimap<String, Integer> multimap = ArrayListMultimap.create();
multimap.put("day",1);
multimap.put("day",2);
multimap.put("day",8);
multimap.put("month",3);

List<Integer> day = multimap.get("day");
List<Integer> month = multimap.get("month");

day.remove(0);//这个0是下标
month.add(12);
System.out.println(multimap);
</pre>

查看修改后的结果：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs clojure" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{month=[3, 12], day=[2, 8]}
</pre>

| 转换为 Map

使用 asMap 方法，可以将 Multimap 转换为 Map<K,Collection> 的形式，同样这个 Map 也可以看做一个关联的视图，在这个 Map 上的操作会作用于原始的 Multimap。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs swift" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Map<String, Collection<Integer>> map = multimap.asMap();
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key+" : "+map.get(key));
}
map.get("day").add(20);
System.out.println(multimap);
</pre>

执行结果：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbscript" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">month : [3]
day : [1, 2, 8]
{month=[3], day=[1, 2, 8, 20]}
</pre>

| 数量问题

Multimap 中的数量在使用中也有些容易混淆的地方，先看下面的例子：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs gradle" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">System.out.println(multimap.size());
System.out.println(multimap.entries().size());
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : multimap.entries()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+","+entry.getValue());
}
</pre>

打印结果：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbscript" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">4
4
month,3
day,1
day,2
day,8
</pre>

这是因为 size() 方法返回的是所有 key 到单个 value 的映射，因此结果为 4，entries() 方法同理，返回的是 key 和单个 value 的键值对集合。

但是它的 keySet 中保存的是不同的 key 的个数，例如下面这行代码打印的结果就会是 2。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs css" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">System.out.println(multimap.keySet().size());
</pre>

再看看将它转换为 Map 后，数量则会发生变化：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs sql" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Set<Map.Entry<String, Collection<Integer>>> entries = multimap.asMap().entrySet();
System.out.println(entries.size());
</pre>

代码运行结果是 2，因为它得到的是 key 到 Collection 的映射关系。

RangeMap：范围 Map

先看一个例子，假设我们要根据分数对考试成绩进行分类，那么代码中就会出现这样丑陋的 if-else：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs kotlin" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public static String getRank(int score){
if (0<=score && score<60)
return "fail";
else if (60<=score && score<=90)
return "satisfactory";
else if (90<score && score<=100)
return "excellent";
return null;
}
</pre>

而 guava 中的 RangeMap 描述了一种从区间到特定值的映射关系，让我们能够以更为优雅的方法来书写代码。

下面用 RangeMap 改造上面的代码并进行测试：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs kotlin" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">RangeMap<Integer, String> rangeMap = TreeRangeMap.create();
rangeMap.put(Range.closedOpen(0,60),"fail");
rangeMap.put(Range.closed(60,90),"satisfactory");
rangeMap.put(Range.openClosed(90,100),"excellent");

System.out.println(rangeMap.get(59));
System.out.println(rangeMap.get(60));
System.out.println(rangeMap.get(90));
System.out.println(rangeMap.get(91));
</pre>

在上面的代码中，先后创建了 [0,60) 的左闭右开区间、[60,90] 的闭区间、(90,100] 的左开右闭区间，并分别映射到某个值上。

运行结果打印：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs nginx" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">fail
satisfactory
satisfactory
excellent
</pre>

当然我们也可以移除一段空间，下面的代码移除了 [70,80] 这一闭区间后，再次执行 get 时返回结果为 null：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs css" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rangeMap.remove(Range.closed(70,80));
System.out.println(rangeMap.get(75));
</pre>

ClassToInstanceMap：实例 Map

ClassToInstanceMap 是一个比较特殊的 Map，它的键是 Class，而值是这个 Class 对应的实例对象。

先看一个简单使用的例子，使用 putInstance 方法存入对象：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ClassToInstanceMap<Object> instanceMap = MutableClassToInstanceMap.create();
User user=new User("Hydra",18);
Dept dept=new Dept("develop",200);

instanceMap.putInstance(User.class,user);
instanceMap.putInstance(Dept.class,dept);
</pre>

使用 getInstance 方法取出对象：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dockerfile" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">User user1 = instanceMap.getInstance(User.class);
System.out.println(user==user1);
</pre>

运行结果打印了 true，说明了取出的确实是我们之前创建并放入的那个对象。

大家可能会疑问，如果只是存对象的话，像下面这样用普通的 Map<Class,Object> 也可以实现：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cpp" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Map<Class,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
User user=new User("Hydra",18);
Dept dept=new Dept("develop",200);
map.put(User.class,user);
map.put(Dept.class,dept);
</pre>

那么，使用 ClassToInstanceMap 这种方式有什么好处呢？

首先，这里最明显的就是在取出对象时省去了复杂的强制类型转换，避免了手动进行类型转换的错误。

其次，我们可以看一下 ClassToInstanceMap 接口的定义，它是带有泛型的：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs php" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface ClassToInstanceMap<B> extends Map<Class<? extends B>, B>{...}
</pre>

<pre class="prettyprint hljs xquery" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">这个泛型同样可以起到对类型进行约束的作用，value 要符合 key 所对应的类型，再看看下面的例子：</pre>

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ClassToInstanceMap<Map> instanceMap = MutableClassToInstanceMap.create();
HashMap<String, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
TreeMap<String, Object> treeMap = new TreeMap<>();
ArrayList<Object> list = new ArrayList<>();

instanceMap.putInstance(HashMap.class,hashMap);
instanceMap.putInstance(TreeMap.class,treeMap);
</pre>

这样是可以正常执行的，因为 HashMap 和 TreeMap 都集成了 Map 父类，但是如果想放入其他类型，就会编译报错：

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所以，如果你想缓存对象，又不想做复杂的类型校验，那么使用方便的 ClassToInstanceMap 就可以了。

总结

本文介绍了 Guava 中 5 种对 Map 的扩展数据结构，它们提供了非常实用的功能，能很大程度的简化我们的代码。

但是同时使用中也有不少需要避开的坑，例如修改关联的视图会对原始数据造成影响等等，具体的使用中大家还需要谨慎一些。