我编写了一个简单的 Java 类来生成 Windows Calculator 文件的哈希值。我正在使用 Windows 7 Professional with SP1。我试过 Java 6.0.29 和 Java 7.0.03。有人能告诉我为什么我从 Java 和(很多!)外部实用程序和/或网站获得不同的哈希值吗？外部的一切都相互匹配，只有 Java 返回不同的结果。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;
import java.security.DigestInputStream;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class Checksum 
{
    private static int size = 65536;
    private static File calc = new File("C:/Windows/system32/calc.exe");

    /*
        C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe (verified via several different utilities)
        ----------------------------
        CRC-32b = 8D8F5F8E
        MD5     = 60B7C0FEAD45F2066E5B805A91F4F0FC
        SHA-1   = 9018A7D6CDBE859A430E8794E73381F77C840BE0
        SHA-256 = 80C10EE5F21F92F89CBC293A59D2FD4C01C7958AACAD15642558DB700943FA22
        SHA-384 = 551186C804C17B4CCDA07FD5FE83A32B48B4D173DAC3262F16489029894FC008A501B50AB9B53158B429031B043043D2
        SHA-512 = 68B9F9C00FC64DF946684CE81A72A2624F0FC07E07C0C8B3DB2FAE8C9C0415BD1B4A03AD7FFA96985AF0CC5E0410F6C5E29A30200EFFF21AB4B01369A3C59B58


        Results from this class
        -----------------------
        CRC-32  = 967E5DDE
        MD5     = 10E4A1D2132CCB5C6759F038CDB6F3C9
        SHA-1   = 42D36EEB2140441B48287B7CD30B38105986D68F
        SHA-256 = C6A91CBA00BF87CDB064C49ADAAC82255CBEC6FDD48FD21F9B3B96ABF019916B    
    */    

    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        Map<String, String> hashes = getFileHash(calc);
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : hashes.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println(String.format("%-7s = %s", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
        }
    }

    private static Map<String, String> getFileHash(File file) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
        Map<String, String> results = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();

        if (file != null && file.exists()) {
            CRC32 crc32 = new CRC32();
            MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
            MessageDigest sha256 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");

            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            byte data[] = new byte[size];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fis.read(data)) != -1) {
                crc32.update(data, 0, len);
                md5.update(data, 0, len);
                sha1.update(data, 0, len);
                sha256.update(data, 0, len);
            }
            fis.close();

            results.put("CRC-32", toHex(crc32.getValue()));
            results.put(md5.getAlgorithm(), toHex(md5.digest()));
            results.put(sha1.getAlgorithm(), toHex(sha1.digest()));
            results.put(sha256.getAlgorithm(), toHex(sha256.digest()));
        }
        return results;
    }

    private static String toHex(byte[] bytes) {
        String result = "";
        if (bytes != null) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
            for (byte element : bytes) {
                if ((element & 0xff) < 0x10) {
                    sb.append("0");
                }
                sb.append(Long.toString(element & 0xff, 16));
            }
            result = sb.toString().toUpperCase();
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static String toHex(long value) {
        return Long.toHexString(value).toUpperCase();
    }

}

最佳答案

知道了。 Windows 文件系统的行为因进程的体系结构而异。这个article explains it all - 特别是:

But what about 32-bit applications that have the system path hard coded and is running in a 64-bit Windows? How can they find the new SysWOW64 folder without changes in the program code, you might think. The answer is that the emulator redirects calls to System32 folder to the SysWOW64 folder transparently so even if the folder is hard coded to the System32 folder (like C:\Windows\System32), the emulator will make sure that the SysWOW64 folder is used instead. So same source code, that uses the System32 folder, can be compiled to both 32-bit and 64-bit program code without any changes.

尝试将 calc.exe 复制到其他地方...然后再次运行相同的工具。您将获得与 Java 相同的结果。 关于 Windows 文件系统的某些东西向工具提供的数据与提供给 Java 的数据不同...我确信这与它位于 Windows 目录中有关，因此可能会以“不同的方式处理” ”。

此外，我已经在 C# 中复制了它...并发现它取决于 您正在运行的进程的体系结构。下面是一个示例程序:

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

class Test
{
    static void Main()
    {
        using (var md5 = MD5.Create())
        {
            string path = "c:/Windows/System32/Calc.exe";
            var bytes = md5.ComputeHash(File.ReadAllBytes(path));
            Console.WriteLine(BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
        }
    }
}

这是一个控制台 session (减去编译器的喋喋不休):

c:\users\jon\Test>csc /platform:x86 Test.cs    

c:\users\jon\Test>test
60-B7-C0-FE-AD-45-F2-06-6E-5B-80-5A-91-F4-F0-FC

c:\users\jon\Test>csc /platform:x64 Test.cs

c:\users\jon\Test>test
10-E4-A1-D2-13-2C-CB-5C-67-59-F0-38-CD-B6-F3-C9

关于java - Java 的摘要与外部实用程序的不同结果，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9728056/