是否有任何具有某些功能的库,允许其pid_t监视外部进程的事件?我的意思是,监视外部进程是否已退出,或者是否已创建一个或多个子进程(使用fork),或者是否已变成另一个可执行镜像(通过exec或posix_spawn函数族调用),或者是否检测到Unix信号。交付给它。
编辑
我需要一些不会干扰正在监视的程序的执行的东西。因此,我不应该使用ptrace,因为它会在发出某种信号时停止正在监视的进程,并且有必要在发生这种情况时恢复该进程。
最佳答案
使用捕获fork()的预加载库运行目标二进制文件。只要所有子进程也都使用预加载库,无论执行如何,您都将看到所有本地子进程。
这是一个示例实现。
首先,forkmonitor.h头文件。它定义了从预加载库传递到监视过程的消息:
#ifndef FORKMONITOR_H
#define FORKMONITOR_H
#define FORKMONITOR_ENVNAME "FORKMONITOR_SOCKET"
#ifndef UNIX_PATH_MAX
#define UNIX_PATH_MAX 108
#endif
#define TYPE_EXEC 1 /* When a binary is executed */
#define TYPE_DONE 2 /* exit() or return from main() */
#define TYPE_FORK 3
#define TYPE_VFORK 4
#define TYPE_EXIT 5 /* _exit() or _Exit() */
#define TYPE_ABORT 6 /* abort() */
struct message {
pid_t pid; /* Process ID */
pid_t ppid; /* Parent process ID */
pid_t sid; /* Session ID */
pid_t pgid; /* Process group ID */
uid_t uid; /* Real user ID */
gid_t gid; /* Real group ID */
uid_t euid; /* Effective user ID */
gid_t egid; /* Effective group ID */
unsigned short len; /* Length of data[] */
unsigned char type; /* One of the TYPE_ constants */
char data[0]; /* Optional payload, possibly longer */
};
#endif /* FORKMONITOR_H */
FORKMONITOR_SOCKET环境变量(由上面的FORKMONITOR_ENVNAME宏命名)为监视过程指定了Unix域数据报套接字地址。如果未定义或为空,则不会发送任何监视消息。libforkmonitor.c。main()之前修改指针。)#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "forkmonitor.h"
static pid_t (*actual_fork)(void) = NULL;
static pid_t (*actual_vfork)(void) = NULL;
static void (*actual_abort)(void) = NULL;
static void (*actual__exit)(int) = NULL;
static void (*actual__Exit)(int) = NULL;
static int commfd = -1;
#define MINIMUM_COMMFD 31
static void notify(const int type, struct message *const msg, const size_t extra)
{
const int saved_errno = errno;
msg->pid = getpid();
msg->ppid = getppid();
msg->sid = getsid(0);
msg->pgid = getpgrp();
msg->uid = getuid();
msg->gid = getgid();
msg->euid = geteuid();
msg->egid = getegid();
msg->len = extra;
msg->type = type;
/* Since we don't have any method of dealing with send() errors
* or partial send()s, we just fire one off and hope for the best. */
send(commfd, msg, sizeof (struct message) + extra, MSG_EOR | MSG_NOSIGNAL);
errno = saved_errno;
}
void libforkmonitor_init(void) __attribute__((constructor));
void libforkmonitor_init(void)
{
const int saved_errno = errno;
int result;
/* Save the actual fork() call pointer. */
if (!actual_fork)
*(void **)&actual_fork = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "fork");
/* Save the actual vfork() call pointer. */
if (!actual_vfork)
*(void **)&actual_vfork = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "vfork");
/* Save the actual abort() call pointer. */
if (!actual_abort)
*(void **)&actual_abort = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "abort");
/* Save the actual _exit() call pointer. */
if (!actual__exit)
*(void **)&actual__exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_exit");
if (!actual__exit)
*(void **)&actual__exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_Exit");
/* Save the actual abort() call pointer. */
if (!actual__Exit)
*(void **)&actual__Exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_Exit");
if (!actual__Exit)
*(void **)&actual__Exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_exit");
/* Open an Unix domain datagram socket to the observer. */
if (commfd == -1) {
const char *address;
/* Connect to where? */
address = getenv(FORKMONITOR_ENVNAME);
if (address && *address) {
struct sockaddr_un addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof addr);
addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strncpy(addr.sun_path, address, sizeof addr.sun_path - 1);
/* Create and bind the socket. */
commfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (commfd != -1) {
if (connect(commfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof (addr)) == -1) {
/* Failed. Close the socket. */
do {
result = close(commfd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
commfd = -1;
}
}
/* Move commfd to a high descriptor, to avoid complications. */
if (commfd != -1 && commfd < MINIMUM_COMMFD) {
const int newfd = MINIMUM_COMMFD;
do {
result = dup2(commfd, newfd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
if (!result) {
do {
result = close(commfd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
commfd = newfd;
}
}
}
}
/* Send an init message, listing the executable path. */
if (commfd != -1) {
size_t len = 128;
struct message *msg = NULL;
while (1) {
ssize_t n;
free(msg);
msg = malloc(sizeof (struct message) + len);
if (!msg) {
len = 0;
break;
}
n = readlink("/proc/self/exe", msg->data, len);
if (n > (ssize_t)0 && (size_t)n < len) {
msg->data[n] = '\0';
len = n + 1;
break;
}
len = (3 * len) / 2;
if (len >= 65536U) {
free(msg);
msg = NULL;
len = 0;
break;
}
}
if (len > 0) {
/* INIT message with executable name */
notify(TYPE_EXEC, msg, len);
free(msg);
} else {
/* INIT message without executable name */
struct message msg2;
notify(TYPE_EXEC, &msg2, sizeof msg2);
}
}
/* Restore errno. */
errno = saved_errno;
}
void libforkmonitor_done(void) __attribute__((destructor));
void libforkmonitor_done(void)
{
const int saved_errno = errno;
int result;
/* Send an exit message, no data. */
if (commfd != -1) {
struct message msg;
notify(TYPE_DONE, &msg, sizeof msg);
}
/* If commfd is open, close it. */
if (commfd != -1) {
do {
result = close(commfd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
}
/* Restore errno. */
errno = saved_errno;
}
/*
* Hooked C library functions.
*/
pid_t fork(void)
{
pid_t result;
if (!actual_fork) {
const int saved_errno = errno;
*(void **)&actual_fork = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "fork");
if (!actual_fork) {
errno = EAGAIN;
return (pid_t)-1;
}
errno = saved_errno;
}
result = actual_fork();
if (!result && commfd != -1) {
struct message msg;
notify(TYPE_FORK, &msg, sizeof msg);
}
return result;
}
pid_t vfork(void)
{
pid_t result;
if (!actual_vfork) {
const int saved_errno = errno;
*(void **)&actual_vfork = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "vfork");
if (!actual_vfork) {
errno = EAGAIN;
return (pid_t)-1;
}
errno = saved_errno;
}
result = actual_vfork();
if (!result && commfd != -1) {
struct message msg;
notify(TYPE_VFORK, &msg, sizeof msg);
}
return result;
}
void _exit(const int code)
{
if (!actual__exit) {
const int saved_errno = errno;
*(void **)&actual__exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_exit");
if (!actual__exit)
*(void **)&actual__exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_Exit");
errno = saved_errno;
}
if (commfd != -1) {
struct {
struct message msg;
int extra;
} data;
memcpy(&data.msg.data[0], &code, sizeof code);
notify(TYPE_EXIT, &(data.msg), sizeof (struct message) + sizeof (int));
}
if (actual__exit)
actual__exit(code);
exit(code);
}
void _Exit(const int code)
{
if (!actual__Exit) {
const int saved_errno = errno;
*(void **)&actual__Exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_Exit");
if (!actual__Exit)
*(void **)&actual__Exit = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_exit");
errno = saved_errno;
}
if (commfd != -1) {
struct {
struct message msg;
int extra;
} data;
memcpy(&data.msg.data[0], &code, sizeof code);
notify(TYPE_EXIT, &(data.msg), sizeof (struct message) + sizeof (int));
}
if (actual__Exit)
actual__Exit(code);
exit(code);
}
void abort(void)
{
if (!actual_abort) {
const int saved_errno = errno;
*(void **)&actual_abort = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "abort");
errno = saved_errno;
}
if (commfd != -1) {
struct message msg;
notify(TYPE_ABORT, &msg, sizeof msg);
}
actual_abort();
exit(127);
}
libforkmonitor_init()之前,运行时链接程序会自动调用main()函数,当进程从libforkmonitor_done()返回或调用main()时,会调用exit()。libforkmonitor_init()将Unix域数据报套接字打开到监视过程,并将其凭据和路径发送到当前可执行文件。每个子进程(只要仍然加载预加载库)都在加载后执行此操作,因此根本不需要捕获exec*()或posix_spawn*()或'popen()`等函数。fork()和vfork()被拦截。需要这些拦截来捕获原始程序派生创建从属进程而无需执行任何其他二进制文件的情况。 (至少GNU C库在内部使用fork(),因此它们也将捕获popen(),posix_spawn()等。)_exit(),_Exit()和abort()也被拦截。我添加这些是因为某些二进制文件(尤其是Dash)喜欢使用_exit(),并且我认为捕获所有形式的正常导出会很好。 (但是,不会检测到由于信号导致的死亡;并且如果一个二进制文件执行另一个二进制文件,则只会收到新的EXEC消息。请注意该进程和父进程ID。)forkmonitor.c:#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "forkmonitor.h"
static volatile sig_atomic_t done = 0;
static void done_handler(const int signum)
{
if (!done)
done = signum;
}
static int catch_done(const int signum)
{
struct sigaction act;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_handler = done_handler;
act.sa_flags = 0;
if (sigaction(signum, &act, NULL) == -1)
return errno;
return 0;
}
static const char *username(const uid_t uid)
{
static char buffer[128];
struct passwd *pw;
pw = getpwuid(uid);
if (!pw)
return NULL;
strncpy(buffer, pw->pw_name, sizeof buffer - 1);
buffer[sizeof buffer - 1] = '\0';
return (const char *)buffer;
}
static const char *groupname(const gid_t gid)
{
static char buffer[128];
struct group *gr;
gr = getgrgid(gid);
if (!gr)
return NULL;
strncpy(buffer, gr->gr_name, sizeof buffer - 1);
buffer[sizeof buffer - 1] = '\0';
return (const char *)buffer;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
const size_t msglen = 65536;
struct message *msg;
int socketfd, result;
const char *user, *group;
if (catch_done(SIGINT) || catch_done(SIGQUIT) || catch_done(SIGHUP) ||
catch_done(SIGTERM) || catch_done(SIGPIPE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set signal handlers: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
if (argc != 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [ -h | --help ]\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, " %s MONITOR-SOCKET-PATH\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
fprintf(stderr, "This program outputs events reported by libforkmonitor\n");
fprintf(stderr, "to Unix domain datagram sockets at MONITOR-SOCKET-PATH.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return 0;
}
msg = malloc(msglen);
if (!msg) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
return 1;
}
socketfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (socketfd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create an Unix domain datagram socket: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
{
struct sockaddr_un addr;
size_t len;
if (argv[1])
len = strlen(argv[1]);
else
len = 0;
if (len < 1 || len >= UNIX_PATH_MAX) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Path is too long (max. %d characters)\n", argv[1], UNIX_PATH_MAX - 1);
return 1;
}
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof addr);
addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
memcpy(addr.sun_path, argv[1], len + 1); /* Include '\0' at end */
if (bind(socketfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof (addr)) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot bind to %s: %s.\n", argv[1], strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
}
printf("Waiting for connections.\n");
printf("\n");
/* Infinite loop. */
while (!done) {
ssize_t n;
n = recv(socketfd, msg, msglen, 0);
if (n == -1) {
const char *const errmsg = strerror(errno);
fprintf(stderr, "%s.\n", errmsg);
fflush(stderr);
break;
}
if (msglen < sizeof (struct message)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Received a partial message; discarded.\n");
fflush(stderr);
continue;
}
switch (msg->type) {
case TYPE_EXEC:
printf("Received an EXEC message:\n");
break;
case TYPE_DONE:
printf("Received a DONE message:\n");
break;
case TYPE_FORK:
printf("Received a FORK message:\n");
break;
case TYPE_VFORK:
printf("Received a VFORK message:\n");
break;
case TYPE_EXIT:
printf("Received an EXIT message:\n");
break;
case TYPE_ABORT:
printf("Received an ABORT message:\n");
break;
default:
printf("Received an UNKNOWN message:\n");
break;
}
if (msg->type == TYPE_EXEC && (size_t)n > sizeof (struct message)) {
if (*((char *)msg + n - 1) == '\0')
printf("\tExecutable: '%s'\n", (char *)msg + sizeof (struct message));
}
printf("\tProcess ID: %d\n", (int)msg->pid);
printf("\tParent process ID: %d\n", (int)msg->ppid);
printf("\tSession ID: %d\n", (int)msg->sid);
printf("\tProcess group ID: %d\n", (int)msg->pgid);
user = username(msg->uid);
if (user)
printf("\tReal user: '%s' (%d)\n", user, (int)msg->uid);
else
printf("\tReal user: %d\n", (int)msg->uid);
group = groupname(msg->gid);
if (group)
printf("\tReal group: '%s' (%d)\n", group, (int)msg->gid);
else
printf("\tReal group: %d\n", (int)msg->gid);
user = username(msg->euid);
if (user)
printf("\tEffective user: '%s' (%d)\n", user, (int)msg->euid);
else
printf("\tEffective user: %d\n", (int)msg->euid);
group = groupname(msg->egid);
if (group)
printf("\tEffective group: '%s' (%d)\n", group, (int)msg->egid);
else
printf("\tEffective group: %d\n", (int)msg->egid);
printf("\n");
fflush(stdout);
}
do {
result = close(socketfd);
} while (result == -1 && errno == EINTR);
unlink(argv[1]);
return 0;
}
INT(Ctrl + C),HUP,QUIT和TERM信号停止监视程序。gcc -W -Wall -O3 -fpic -fPIC -c libforkmonitor.c
gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libforkmonitor.so libforkmonitor.o -ldl -o libforkmonitor.so
gcc -W -Wall -O3 forkmonitor.c -o forkmonitor
./forkmonitor "$PWD/commsocket"
libforkmonitor.so库并指定监视器的套接字:env "LD_PRELOAD=$PWD/libforkmonitor.so" "FORKMONITOR_SOCKET=$PWD/commsocket" command args...
LD_PRELOAD和FORKMONITOR_SOCKET环境变量,所以如果子进程的父进程修改了环境(删除了两个环境变量),并且在执行setuid或setgid二进制文件时,它们将被忽略。可以通过消除环境变量并对它们进行硬编码来避免此限制。setuid,否则运行时链接程序将不会预加载setgid或setgid二进制文件的库。/etc/ld.so.preload将为所有二进制文件预加载库,但是您可能应该在libforkmonitor_init()中添加一种机制,该机制将监视范围限制为所需的二进制文件和/或指定的实际用户(随着有效用户在运行setuid二进制文件时的更改)。env "LD_PRELOAD=$PWD/libforkmonitor.so" "FORKMONITOR_SOCKET=$PWD/commsocket" sh -c 'date ; ls -laF'
Received an EXEC message:
Executable: 'bin/dash'
Process ID: 11403
Parent process ID: 9265
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received a FORK message:
Process ID: 11404
Parent process ID: 11403
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received an EXEC message:
Executable: 'bin/date'
Process ID: 11404
Parent process ID: 11403
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received a DONE message:
Process ID: 11404
Parent process ID: 11403
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received a FORK message:
Process ID: 11405
Parent process ID: 11403
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received an EXEC message:
Executable: 'bin/ls'
Process ID: 11405
Parent process ID: 11403
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received a DONE message:
Process ID: 11405
Parent process ID: 11403
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
Received an EXIT message:
Process ID: 11403
Parent process ID: 9265
Session ID: 9265
Process group ID: 11403
Real user: 'username' (1000)
Real group: 'username' (1000)
Effective user: 'username' (1000)
Effective group: 'username' (1000)
fork(),vfork(),_exit(),_Exit(),abort())以外,程序执行完全不会受到影响。因为该库非常轻巧,所以即使是受影响的库也只会受到非常非常小的影响。可能不足以可靠地进行测量。LD_PRELOAD和FORKMONITOR_SOCKET环境变量)的进程有关的陷阱,但是如果可以使用 super 用户特权,则可以解决这些陷阱。关于c - 如何通过C中的PID监视外部进程的事件?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17256790/
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作为我的Rails应用程序的一部分,我编写了一个小导入程序,它从我们的LDAP系统中吸取数据并将其塞入一个用户表中。不幸的是,与LDAP相关的代码在遍历我们的32K用户时泄漏了大量内存,我一直无法弄清楚如何解决这个问题。这个问题似乎在某种程度上与LDAP库有关,因为当我删除对LDAP内容的调用时,内存使用情况会很好地稳定下来。此外,不断增加的对象是Net::BER::BerIdentifiedString和Net::BER::BerIdentifiedArray,它们都是LDAP库的一部分。当我运行导入时,内存使用量最终达到超过1GB的峰值。如果问题存在,我需要找到一些方法来更正我的代
关闭。这个问题是opinion-based.它目前不接受答案。想要改进这个问题?更新问题,以便editingthispost可以用事实和引用来回答它.关闭4年前。Improvethisquestion我想在固定时间创建一系列低音和高音调的哔哔声。例如:在150毫秒时发出高音调的蜂鸣声在151毫秒时发出低音调的蜂鸣声200毫秒时发出低音调的蜂鸣声250毫秒的高音调蜂鸣声有没有办法在Ruby或Python中做到这一点?我真的不在乎输出编码是什么(.wav、.mp3、.ogg等等),但我确实想创建一个输出文件。
Rails2.3可以选择随时使用RouteSet#add_configuration_file添加更多路由。是否可以在Rails3项目中做同样的事情? 最佳答案 在config/application.rb中:config.paths.config.routes在Rails3.2(也可能是Rails3.1)中,使用:config.paths["config/routes"] 关于ruby-on-rails-Rails3中的多个路由文件,我们在StackOverflow上找到一个类似的问题
给定这段代码defcreate@upgrades=User.update_all(["role=?","upgraded"],:id=>params[:upgrade])redirect_toadmin_upgrades_path,:notice=>"Successfullyupgradeduser."end我如何在该操作中实际验证它们是否已保存或未重定向到适当的页面和消息? 最佳答案 在Rails3中,update_all不返回任何有意义的信息,除了已更新的记录数(这可能取决于您的DBMS是否返回该信息)。http://ar.ru
我在我的项目目录中完成了compasscreate.和compassinitrails。几个问题:我已将我的.sass文件放在public/stylesheets中。这是放置它们的正确位置吗?当我运行compasswatch时,它不会自动编译这些.sass文件。我必须手动指定文件:compasswatchpublic/stylesheets/myfile.sass等。如何让它自动运行?文件ie.css、print.css和screen.css已放在stylesheets/compiled。如何在编译后不让它们重新出现的情况下删除它们?我自己编译的.sass文件编译成compiled/t
我正在寻找执行以下操作的正确语法(在Perl、Shell或Ruby中):#variabletoaccessthedatalinesappendedasafileEND_OF_SCRIPT_MARKERrawdatastartshereanditcontinues. 最佳答案 Perl用__DATA__做这个:#!/usr/bin/perlusestrict;usewarnings;while(){print;}__DATA__Texttoprintgoeshere 关于ruby-如何将脚
尝试通过RVM将RubyGems升级到版本1.8.10并出现此错误:$rvmrubygemslatestRemovingoldRubygemsfiles...Installingrubygems-1.8.10forruby-1.9.2-p180...ERROR:Errorrunning'GEM_PATH="/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180:/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180@global:/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180:/Users/foo/.rvm/gems/rub