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javascript - 如何为我的任务实现实现 Promise.all 的等价物?

coder 2024-12-12 原文

这是我的 Task 实现(即一种 Promise 但遵守 monad 法则并且可取消)。它工作坚如磐石:

const Task = k =>
  ({runTask: (res, rej) => k(res, rej)});

const tAp = tf => tk =>
  Task((res, rej) => tf.runTask(f => tk.runTask(x => res(f(x)), rej), rej));

const tOf = x => Task((res, rej) => res(x));

const tMap = f => tk =>
  Task((res, rej) => tk.runTask(x => res(f(x)), rej));

const tChain = fm => mx =>
  Task((res, rej) => mx.runTask(x => fm(x).runTask(res, rej), rej));

const log = x => console.log(x);
const elog = e => console.error(e);

const fetchName = (id, cb) => {
  const r = setTimeout(id_ => {
    const m = new Map([[1, "Beau"], [2, "Dev"], [3, "Liz"]]);

    if (m.has(id_))
      return cb(null, m.get(id_));

    else
      return cb("unknown id", null);
  }, 0, id);

  return () => clearTimeout(r);
};

const fetchNameAsync = id =>
  Task((res, rej) =>
    fetchName(id, (err, data) =>
      err === null
        ? res(data)
        : rej(err)));

const a = tAp(tMap(x => y => x.length + y.length)
  (fetchNameAsync(1)))
    (fetchNameAsync(3));

const b = tAp(tMap(x => y => x.length + y.length)
  (fetchNameAsync(1)))
    (fetchNameAsync(5));

a.runTask(log, elog); // 7
b.runTask(log, elog); // Error: "unknown id"

但是,我不知道如何实现 awaitAll,它应该具有以下特征:

  • 它要么解析为单个任务的结果数组
  • 或者在出现第一个错误时立即拒绝并取消所有其他任务
  • 它以“并行”方式执行任务

const awaitAll = ms =>
  Task((res, rej) => ms.map(mx => mx.runTask(...?)));

感谢任何提示!

最佳答案

这是从此处的其他答案以及链接的民间故事/任务中汲取灵感的另一种方式。我们不会实现负责迭代任务列表组合任务的复杂tAll,而是将关注点分离到单独的函数中。

这是一个简化的 tAnd -

const tAnd = (t1, t2) =>
{ const acc = []

  const guard = (res, i) => x =>
    ( acc[i] = x
    , acc[0] !== undefined && acc[1] !== undefined
        ? res (acc)
        : void 0
    )

  return Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        ( t1 .runTask (guard (res, 0), rej) // rej could be called twice!
        , t2 .runTask (guard (res, 1), rej) // we'll fix this below
        )
    )
}

它是这样工作的——

tAnd
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b' ]

现在 tAll 很容易实现 -

const tAll = (t, ...ts) =>
  t === undefined
    ? tOf ([])
    : tAnd (t, tAll (...ts))

Wups,别忘了沿途变平-

const tAll = (t, ...ts) =>
  t === undefined
    ? tOf ([])
    : tMap
        ( ([ x, xs ]) => [ x, ...xs ]
        , tAnd (t, tAll(...ts))
        )

它是这样工作的——

tAll
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  , delay (900, 'c')
  , delay (1500, 'd')
  , delay (1800, 'e')
  , delay (300, 'f')
  , delay (2000, 'g')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' ]

tAll 也能正确处理错误 -

tAll
  ( delay (100, 'test failed')
  , Task ((_, rej) => rej ('test passed'))
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// test passed

与我们原来的 tAll 相比,即使我们限制了我们程序的范围,但要使 tAnd 正确是非常困难的。组合任务应该只解决一次,拒绝一次 - 而不是两者。这意味着还应避免双重解决/拒绝。执行这些约束需要更多代码 -

const tAnd = (t1, t2) =>
{ let resolved = false
  let rejected = false

  const result = []

  const pending = ([ a, b ] = result) =>
    a === undefined || b === undefined

  const guard = (res, rej, i) =>
    [ x =>
        ( result[i] = x
        , resolved || rejected || pending ()
            ? void 0
            : ( resolved = true
              , res (result)
              )
        )
    , e =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( rejected = true
            , rej (e)
            )
    ]

  return Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        ( t1 .runTask (...guard (res, rej, 0))
        , t2 .runTask (...guard (res, rej, 1))
        )
    )
}

展开下面的代码片段以在您自己的浏览器中验证结果 -

const Task = k =>
  ({ runTask: (res, rej) => k (res, rej) })

const tOf = v =>
  Task ((res, _) => res (v))

const tMap = (f, t) =>
  Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        t.runTask
          ( x => res (f (x)) 
          , rej
          )
    )

const tAnd = (t1, t2) =>
{ let resolved = false
  let rejected = false
  
  const result = []

  const pending = ([ a, b ] = result) =>
    a === undefined || b === undefined

  const guard = (res, rej, i) =>
    [ x =>
        ( result[i] = x
        , resolved || rejected || pending ()
            ? void 0
            : ( resolved = true
              , res (result)
              )
        )
    , e =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( rejected = true
            , rej (e)
            )
    ]

  return Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        ( t1 .runTask (...guard (res, rej, 0))
        , t2 .runTask (...guard (res, rej, 1))
        )
    )
}

const tAll = (t, ...ts) =>
  t === undefined
    ? tOf ([])
    : tMap
        ( ([ x, xs ]) => [ x, ...xs ]
        , tAnd (t, tAll (...ts))
        )

const delay = (ms, x) =>
  Task (r => setTimeout (r, ms, x))

tAnd
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

tAll
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  , delay (900, 'c')
  , delay (1500, 'd')
  , delay (1800, 'e')
  , delay (300, 'f')
  , delay (2000, 'g')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b' ]
// [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' ]

tAll
  ( delay (100, 'test failed')
  , Task ((_, rej) => rej ('test passed'))
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// Error: test passed


串行处理

最棘手的一点是并行处理要求。如果要求要求串行行为,那么实现起来会容易得多 -

const tAnd = (t1, t2) =>
  Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        t1 .runTask
          ( a =>
              t2 .runTask
                ( b =>
                    res ([ a, b ])
                , rej
                )
          , rej
          )
    )

当然,tAll 的实现保持不变。请注意现在延迟的差异,因为任务现在按顺序运行 -

tAnd
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2.5 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b' ]

还有很多任务都是用 tAll -

tAll
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  , delay (900, 'c')
  , delay (1500, 'd')
  , delay (1800, 'e')
  , delay (300, 'f')
  , delay (2000, 'g')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~ 9 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' ]

展开下面的代码片段以在您自己的浏览器中验证结果 -

const Task = k =>
  ({ runTask: (res, rej) => k (res, rej) })

const tOf = v =>
  Task ((res, _) => res (v))

const tMap = (f, t) =>
  Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        t.runTask
          ( x => res (f (x)) 
          , rej
          )
    )

const tAnd = (t1, t2) =>
  Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        t1 .runTask
          ( a =>
              t2 .runTask
                ( b =>
                    res ([ a, b ])
                , rej
                )
          , rej
          )
    )

const tAll = (t, ...ts) =>
  t === undefined
    ? tOf ([])
    : tMap
        ( ([ x, xs ]) => [ x, ...xs ]
        , tAnd (t, tAll (...ts))
        )

const delay = (ms, x) =>
  Task (r => setTimeout (r, ms, x))

tAnd
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2.5 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b' ]

tAll
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  , delay (900, 'c')
  , delay (1500, 'd')
  , delay (1800, 'e')
  , delay (300, 'f')
  , delay (2000, 'g')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~ 9 seconds later
// [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' ]

tAll
  ( delay (100, 'test failed')
  , Task ((_, rej) => rej ('test passed'))
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// Error: test passed


如何实现tOrtRace

为了完整起见,这里是tOr。注意这里的tOr相当于folktale的Task.concat——

const tOr = (t1, t2) =>
{ let resolved = false
  let rejected = false

  const guard = (res, rej) =>
    [ x =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( resolved = true
            , res (x)
            )
    , e =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( rejected = true
            , rej (e)
            )
    ]

  return Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        ( t1 .runTask (...guard (res, rej))
        , t2 .runTask (...guard (res, rej))
        )
    )
}

解决或拒绝两个任务中最先完成的 -

tOr
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~500 ms later
// 'b' 

tRace -

const tRace = (t = tOf (undefined), ...ts) =>
  ts .reduce (tOr, t)

解决或拒绝许多任务中最先完成的 -

tRace
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  , delay (900, 'c')
  , delay (1500, 'd')
  , delay (1800, 'e')
  , delay (300, 'f')
  , delay (2000, 'g')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~300 ms later
// 'f'

展开下面的代码片段以在您自己的浏览器中验证结果 -

const Task = k =>
  ({ runTask: (a, b) => k (a, b) })

const tOr = (t1, t2) =>
{ let resolved = false
  let rejected = false

  const guard = (res, rej) =>
    [ x =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( resolved = true
            , res (x)
            )
    , e =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( rejected = true
            , rej (e)
            )
    ]

  return Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        ( t1 .runTask (...guard (res, rej))
        , t2 .runTask (...guard (res, rej))
        )
    )
}

const tRace = (t = tOf (undefined), ...ts) =>
  ts. reduce (tOr, t)

const delay = (ms, x) =>
  Task (r => setTimeout (r, ms, x))

tOr
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~500 ms later
// 'b' 

tRace
  ( delay (2000, 'a')
  , delay (500, 'b')
  , delay (900, 'c')
  , delay (1500, 'd')
  , delay (1800, 'e')
  , delay (300, 'f')
  , delay (2000, 'g')
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~300 ms later
// note `f` appears in the output first because this tRace demo finishes before the tOr demo above
// 'f'

tRace
  ( delay (100, 'test failed')
  , Task ((_, rej) => rej ('test passed'))
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// Error: test passed


如何实现tAp

在评论中,我们谈论的是应用程序,tAp。我认为 tAll 使实现变得相当容易 -

const tAp = (f, ...ts) =>
  tMap
    ( ([ f, ...xs ]) => f (...xs)
    , tAll (f, ...ts)
    )

tAp 接受任务包装函数和任意数量的任务包装值,并返回一个新任务 -

const sum = (v, ...vs) =>
  vs.length === 0
    ? v
    : v + sum (...vs)

tAp
  ( delay (2000, sum)
  , delay (500, 1)
  , delay (900, 2)
  , delay (1500, 3)
  , delay (1800, 4)
  , delay (300, 5)
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2 seconds later
// 15

除非任务有副作用,否则我看不出为什么 tAp 的“并行”实现会违 react 用法则。

展开下面的代码片段以在您自己的浏览器中验证结果 -

const Task = k =>
  ({ runTask: (res, rej) => k (res, rej) })

const tOf = v =>
  Task ((res, _) => res (v))

const tMap = (f, t) =>
  Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        t.runTask
          ( x => res (f (x)) 
          , rej
          )
    )

const tAp = (f, ...ts) =>
  tMap
    ( ([ f, ...xs ]) => f (...xs)
    , tAll (f, ...ts)
    )

const tAnd = (t1, t2) =>
{ let resolved = false
  let rejected = false
  
  const result = []

  const pending = ([ a, b ] = result) =>
    a === undefined || b === undefined

  const guard = (res, rej, i) =>
    [ x =>
        ( result[i] = x
        , resolved || rejected || pending ()
            ? void 0
            : ( resolved = true
              , res (result)
              )
        )
    , e =>
        resolved || rejected
          ? void 0
          : ( rejected = true
            , rej (e)
            )
    ]

  return Task
    ( (res, rej) =>
        ( t1 .runTask (...guard (res, rej, 0))
        , t2 .runTask (...guard (res, rej, 1))
        )
    )
}

const tAll = (t, ...ts) =>
  t === undefined
    ? tOf ([])
    : tMap
        ( ([ x, xs ]) => [ x, ...xs ]
        , tAnd (t, tAll (...ts))
        )

const delay = (ms, x) =>
  Task (r => setTimeout (r, ms, x))

const sum = (v, ...vs) =>
  vs.length === 0
    ? v
    : v + sum (...vs)

tAp
  ( delay (2000, sum)
  , delay (500, 1)
  , delay (900, 2)
  , delay (1500, 3)
  , delay (1800, 4)
  , delay (300, 5)
  )
  .runTask (console.log, console.error)

// ~2 seconds later
// 15

关于javascript - 如何为我的任务实现实现 Promise.all 的等价物?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55199349/

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