我正在努力为网络服务器编写初始化脚本 shiny-server (shiny-server 是 R 包 shiny 的一个版本，允许您运行基于 R 的独立网络应用程序)。

我正在处理 Gentoo Handbook : Writing Init Scripts正在阅读 Gentoo Developers Guide (因为我的最终目标是开发一个用于在 Gentoo 上安装它的 ebuild，所以还有一点路要走)。

我在启动初始化脚本时遇到了一些问题，所以在 Shiny Google Group 上询问寻求帮助，其中一位开发人员提供了解决方案，但与此同时出现的问题是 Gentoo 是否期望...

a) 为每个启动的进程创建一个 pid 文件。

b) 在 Gentoo 下 fork 和守护进程是否是“最佳实践”。

我不知道，但正在寻求建议以反馈给开发人员，他们似乎非常开放并且乐于将他们的软件发布到那里并使用发行版。

目前我的初始化脚本看起来像....

#!/sbin/runscript
depend(){
    after net
}
start(){
  ebegin "Starting shiny-server"
  start-stop-daemon --start --exec /usr/bin/shiny-server >> /var/log/shiny-server.log 2>&1
  local _retval=$?
  eend "${_retval}"
}
stop(){
  ebegin "Stopping shiny-server"
  start-stop-daemon --start --exec /usr/bin/shiny-server >> /var/log/shiny-server.log 2>&1  
  local _retval=$?
  eend "${_retval}"
}

提前感谢您的宝贵时间，

松绳

最佳答案

我不知道 Gentoo 中使用的最佳实践，但我可以给你一些建议，我将如何在基于 Debian 的系统上处理它。 在 Debian/Ubuntu 发行版上存在一个文件 /etc/init.d/skeleton，只需谷歌一下即可。我在下面添加了骨架脚本。

使用这个框架文件(它只是一个 bash 脚本)您将在几分钟内完成。

它使用 start-stop-daemon 来处理程序的启动。

这就是我在基于 Debian 的系统上的做法。是的，我建议为您启动的每个守护进程使用 pid 文件。

希望我能帮到你，祝你好运!

http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts

http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=4

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          skeleton
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Example initscript
# Description:       This file should be used to construct scripts to be
#                    placed in /etc/init.d.
### END INIT INFO

# Author: Foo Bar <foobar@baz.org>
#
# Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them
# with your own name if you copy and modify this script.

# Do NOT "set -e"

# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="Description of the service"
NAME=daemonexecutablename
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/$NAME
DAEMON_ARGS="--options args"
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME

# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh

# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present
# and status_of_proc is working.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
        # Return
        #   0 if daemon has been started
        #   1 if daemon was already running
        #   2 if daemon could not be started
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
                || return 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \
                $DAEMON_ARGS \
                || return 2
        # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready
        # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend
        # on this one.  As a last resort, sleep for some time.
}

#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
        # Return
        #   0 if daemon has been stopped
        #   1 if daemon was already stopped
        #   2 if daemon could not be stopped
        #   other if a failure occurred
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
        RETVAL="$?"
        [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
        # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
        # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
        # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
        # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
        # needed by services started subsequently.  A last resort is to
        # sleep for some time.
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
        [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
        # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
        rm -f $PIDFILE
        return "$RETVAL"
}

#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
        #
        # If the daemon can reload its configuration without
        # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
        # then implement that here.
        #
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
        return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_start
        case "$?" in
                0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
        esac
        ;;
  stop)
        [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_stop
        case "$?" in
                0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
        esac
        ;;
  status)
       status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
       ;;
  #reload|force-reload)
        #
        # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
        # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
        #
        #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
        #do_reload
        #log_end_msg $?
        #;;
  restart|force-reload)
        #
        # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
        # 'force-reload' alias
        #
        log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_stop
        case "$?" in
          0|1)
                do_start
                case "$?" in
                        0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                        *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                esac
                ;;
          *)
                # Failed to stop
                log_end_msg 1
                ;;
        esac
        ;;
  *)
        #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
        echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 3
        ;;
esac

:

关于linux - 初始化脚本是否应该守护进程并且 pid 是必不可少的？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16537924/