我在Windows 10上运行Python 3.5,并且希望将我的Python代码编译成一个可执行文件,以便与某些最终用户共享。我正在使用Cython 0.25.2尝试完成此操作。
通过使用Cython --embed标志,我已经有了一个HelloWorld程序。在Windows命令提示符下,Cython生成一个.c文件:
# (myVirtualEnv) > cd (pathToSourceCode)
# (myVirtualEnv) > py (pathToVirtualEnv)\Scripts\cython.exe helloWorld.pyx --embed
# > cd (pathToSourceCode)
# > cl.exe /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -I(pathToVirtualEnv)\Include -I(pathToVirtualEnv)\PC /TchelloWorld.c /link /OUT:"helloTest.exe" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MACHINE:X86 /LIBPATH:(pathToVirtualEnv)\Lib /LIBPATH:C:\Python35\libs
最佳答案
我不会(直接)回答您的问题,但是会为您带来我认为您想要的结果。相反,我将为您提供一个预编译的Python 3.5 x64 Windows构建嵌入式副本的链接,该副本已安装NumPy SciPy Pandas,您可以下载从Python/libs/site-packages/导入的每个库并将其添加到extension_modules/目录中并仅使用.py脚本即插即用。 https://stackoverflow.com/a/44610044/6037118,您可能需要滚动到我的答案。除了冻结之外,我仍然无法将所有内容都放入exe文件中,您仍然需要导入libs的子文件夹。
这是经过编译的嵌入式Python 3.5 x64 VS 2015链接,带有NumPy,SciPy,Pandas,Intel MKL:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2smbgen2i9ilf2e/AADI8A3pCAFU-EqNLTbOiUwJa?dl=0
如何自己编译
我将教您如何钓鱼,而不是将其重新编译为x32。这是Visual Studio项目的call_function.c文件:
#include <Python.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pDict, *pFunc;
PyObject *pArgs, *pValue;
int i;
if (argc < 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: call pythonfile funcname [args]\n");
return 1;
}
Py_SetPath(L"python35.zip;extension_modules//;); //all your libraries from site-packages must be installed under extension_modules directory like \extension_modules\numpy\
Py_Initialize();
pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);
/* Error checking of pName left out */
pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
Py_DECREF(pName);
if (pModule != NULL) {
pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);
/* pFunc is a new reference */
if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {
pArgs = PyTuple_New(argc - 3);
for (i = 0; i < argc - 3; ++i) {
pValue = PyLong_FromLong(atoi(argv[i + 3]));
if (!pValue) {
Py_DECREF(pArgs);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot convert argument\n");
return 1;
}
/* pValue reference stolen here: */
PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, i, pValue);
}
pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);
Py_DECREF(pArgs);
if (pValue != NULL) {
printf("Result of call: %ld\n", PyLong_AsLong(pValue));
Py_DECREF(pValue);
}
else {
Py_DECREF(pFunc);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
PyErr_Print();
fprintf(stderr, "Call failed\n");
return 1;
}
}
else {
if (PyErr_Occurred())
PyErr_Print();
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find function \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
}
Py_XDECREF(pFunc);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
}
else {
PyErr_Print();
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load \"%s\"\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}
Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}
这是Visual Studio解决方案文件,您可以另存为embedpython.sln:Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
# Visual Studio 14
VisualStudioVersion = 14.0.24720.0
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "embedpython", "embedpython.vcxproj", "{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}"
EndProject
Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
Release|x64 = Release|x64
Release|x86 = Release|x86
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
EndGlobalSection
EndGlobal
现在,您必须下载可嵌入的zip文件(此处是32位):https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.1/python-3.5.1-embed-win32.zip并解压缩并将其放置在带有内置EXE文件的目录中。另外,您不需要它附带的python.exe或wpython.exe,并将所有PYD文件复制到\extension_modules\目录中。请注意,您还需要在链接器中添加任何链接的库.lib文件:embedpython.vsxproj文件:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
<Configuration>Release</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
<Configuration>Release</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
</ItemGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
<ProjectGuid>{51062161-3FE4-42F2-9B89-BEB15E8F7590}</ProjectGuid>
<Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="Shared">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
<LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
<IncludePath>$(VC_IncludePath);$(WindowsSDK_IncludePath);C:\Python3;C:\Python3\include;</IncludePath>## Heading ##
<LibraryPath>$(VC_LibraryPath_x64);$(WindowsSDK_LibraryPath_x64);$(NETFXKitsDir)Lib\um\x64;</LibraryPath>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
<OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
<Link>
<AdditionalDependencies>python35.lib;kernel32.lib;user32.lib;gdi32.lib;winspool.lib;comdlg32.lib;advapi32.lib;shell32.lib;ole32.lib;oleaut32.lib;uuid.lib;odbc32.lib;odbccp32.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
<Link>
<AdditionalDependencies>python35.lib;kernel32.lib;user32.lib;gdi32.lib;winspool.lib;comdlg32.lib;advapi32.lib;shell32.lib;ole32.lib;oleaut32.lib;uuid.lib;odbc32.lib;odbccp32.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
<AdditionalLibraryDirectories>C:\Python3\libs;</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="call_function.c" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
</ImportGroup>
</Project>
确保以上所有目录均指向您的实际Python3安装(此处假定\Python3\是安装目录)。然后,只需打开解决方案文件并构建x32或x64或任何您想要的文件即可。您必须花一点时间才能找到您的包裹所需的一切。例如,Numpy需要链接到\Python3\Lib\site-packages\numpy\core\lib\npymath.lib。您自己编译的任何PYD Cython程序都可以直接位于\extension_modules\中。对于在Windows上进行的构建,我还必须在EXE目录中包含msvcp140_app.dll(奇怪的是\Program Files(x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\redist\x64\Microsoft.VC140.CRT\msvcp140.dll重命名,或者\x86\目录为32位)。关于python - 如何在Windows上使用cython_freeze构建单个可执行文件?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45004553/
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