Swift SQLite3 语法和绑定(bind)

coder 2023-07-21 原文

首先，这些是我的功能:

插入功能

func insert(book : Book) throws -> Bool {
    var insertPointer: OpaquePointer? = nil
    let query = "INSERT INTO BOOK (bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"

    defer{
        sqlite3_finalize(insertPointer)
    }

    if sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &insertPointer, nil) == SQLITE_OK {
        sqlite3_bind_text(insertPointer, 1, book.bookTitle, -1, nil)
        sqlite3_bind_text(insertPointer, 2, book.bookAuthor, -1, nil)
        sqlite3_bind_text(insertPointer, 3, book.bookDesc, -1, nil)
      //sqlite3_bind_date(insertPointer, 4, book.bookDate,nil)
      //sqlite3_bind_image(insertPointer, 5, book.bookImg, -1, nil)
        sqlite3_bind_text(insertPointer, 6, book.createdBy, -1, nil)

        guard sqlite3_step(insertPointer) == SQLITE_DONE else {
            throw SQLiteError.Step(message: errorMessage)
        }
    } else {
        throw SQLiteError.Prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    return true
}

更新功能

func update(book : Book) throws -> Bool {
    var updatePointer: OpaquePointer? = nil
    var query = "UPDATE Book SET bookName = ?, bookAuthor = ?, bookDesc = ?, bookDate = ?, bookImg = ?, createdBy = ?, WHERE bookId = ?"

    defer{
        sqlite3_finalize(updatePointer)
    }

    if sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &updatePointer, nil) == SQLITE_OK {

        sqlite3_bind_text(updatePointer, 2, book.bookAuthor, -1, nil)
        sqlite3_bind_text(updatePointer, 3, book.bookDesc, -1, nil)
        //sqlite3_bind_date(updatePointer, 4, book.bookDate,nil)
        //sqlite3_bind_image(updatePointer, 5, book.bookImg, -1, nil)
        sqlite3_bind_text(updatePointer, 6, book.createdBy, -1, nil)
        sqlite3_bind_text(updatePointer, 7, book.bookId, -1, nil)
        guard sqlite3_step(updatePointer) == SQLITE_DONE else {
            throw SQLiteError.Step(message: errorMessage)
        }
    } else {
        throw SQLiteError.Prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    return true
}

删除功能

func delete(book : Book) throws -> Bool {
    var deletePointer: OpaquePointer? = nil
    var query = "DELETE FROM Book WHERE bookId = ?"

    defer{
        sqlite3_finalize(deletePointer)
    }

    if sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &deletePointer, nil) == SQLITE_OK {
        sqlite3_bind_text(updatePointer, 1, book.bookId, -1, nil)
        guard sqlite3_step(deletePointer) == SQLITE_DONE else {
            throw SQLiteError.Step(message: errorMessage)
        }
    } else {
        throw SQLiteError.Prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    return true
}

我有一个 Book像这样的类:

class Book{
    var bookId : Int
    var bookImg : Data
    var bookTitle : String
    var bookAuthor : String
    var bookDesc : String
    var bookDate : Date
    var createdBy : String

    init(bookId : Int, bookImg : Data, bookTitle : String, bookAuthor : String, bookDesc : String, bookDate : Date, createdBy : String){
        self.bookId = bookId
        self.bookImg = bookImg
        self.bookTitle = bookTitle
        self.bookAuthor = bookAuthor
        self.bookDesc = bookDesc
        self.bookDate = bookDate
        self.createdBy = createdBy
    }
}

我是 Swift 和 SQLite 的新手。我的问题是:

我在参数绑定(bind)方面做得对吗？

如何绑定(bind) Data和 Date键入 SQLite 查询？ (上面代码中的注释行)

任何帮助将不胜感激!

最佳答案

你问:

Am I doing it right with the parameter binding?

大部分。

绑定(bind)字符串时，谨慎使用 SQLITE_TRANSIENT作为 sqlite3_bind_text 的最后一个参数和 sqlite3_bind_blob ，定义如下:

internal let SQLITE_STATIC = unsafeBitCast(0, to: sqlite3_destructor_type.self)
internal let SQLITE_TRANSIENT = unsafeBitCast(-1, to: sqlite3_destructor_type.self)

绑定(bind)时bookId ，您要使用 sqlite3_bind_int64 .

在 delete你指的是updatePointer .将其更改为 deletePointer .

您可能应该检查这些 sqlite3_bind_xxx返回代码并抛出错误，如果它们不是 SQLITE_OK ，也。

然后你问:

How do I bind Data and Date type into SQLite query? (the commented line in code above)

对于日期类型，SQLite 没有 native 日期类型(请参阅 http://sqlite.org/datatype3.html )。所以你可以:

使用 ISODateFormatter构建一个字符串，并绑定(bind)字符串；如果你需要小数秒，你可以使用 withFractionalSeconds 选项(在 iOS 11、macOS 10.13 等中引入)，例如:

let formatter = ISO8601DateFormatter()
formatter.formatOptions.insert(.withFractionalSeconds)

如果您需要毫秒并需要支持那些较旧的操作系统版本，请使用 DateFormatter与 dateFormat的 yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSX , locale的 Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX") , 和 timeZone的 TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0) ，并再次将日期存储和检索为字符串并进行转换；或

使用 timeIntervalSince1970的Date ，并将其插入为 sqlite3_bind_double .

前一种字符串替代方案最容易使用，并且在第三方工具中目视检查数据库时更容易。 timeIntervalSince1970可以说效率更高，但这只是意味着您需要使用 unixepoch如果查看第三方 SQLite 工具中的列，则将 double 转换为可理解的日期，这可能有点麻烦。这是效率与可用性的权衡。

回复 Data , 插入使用 sqlite3_bind_blob .

几个最后的小观察:

您正在推迟 sqlite3_finalize在你之前sqlite3_prepare_v2 .您应该defer它之后 sqlite3_prepare_v2 .您应该只在准备成功时完成，而不是在失败时完成。

关于更新 WHERE条款，您可能需要检查 sqlite3_changes查看是否有任何记录更改。对于按标识符进行更新，如果没有更新/删除任何内容，我将函数更改为抛出错误。

其中几个函数被定义为抛出错误以及返回一个 bool 值。对于没有意义的更新/删除函数(因为我们使用错误来知道它是否成功，使得 bool 返回值变得多余)。所以我删除了 Bool返回类型。对于其他函数(例如 SELECT 例程)，返回值显然是有意义的，但对于这些通过/失败更新例程而言则不然。

对于 Book属性，我删除了 book字首。在 SQL 中使用该前缀是有意义的(它使连接查询更容易编写)，但它在 Swift 类型中是多余的。您通常只在需要消除歧义的地方使用那种前缀(例如 bookDescription ，以避免与 CustomStringConvertible 属性混淆， description )。

无论如何，把它放在一起，你会得到类似的东西:

var dateFormatter: DateFormatter = {
    let _formatter = DateFormatter()
    _formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSX"
    _formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
    _formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
    return _formatter
}()

var errorMessage: String { return String(cString: sqlite3_errmsg(db)) }

func insert(_ book: inout Book) throws {
    var statement: OpaquePointer? = nil
    let query = "INSERT INTO book (bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"

    guard sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    defer { sqlite3_finalize(statement) }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 1, book.title, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 2, book.author, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 3, book.bookDescription, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 4, dateFormatter.string(from: book.createDate), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard book.image.withUnsafeBytes({ bufferPointer -> Int32 in
        sqlite3_bind_blob(statement, 5, bufferPointer.baseAddress, Int32(book.image.count), SQLITE_TRANSIENT)
    }) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 6, book.createdBy, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE else {
        throw SQLiteError.step(message: errorMessage)
    }

    book.id = Int(sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(db))
}

func update(_ book: Book) throws {
    guard let id = book.id.flatMap({ Int64($0) }) else {
        throw SQLiteError.noDataChanged
    }

    var statement: OpaquePointer? = nil
    let query = "UPDATE Book SET bookName = ?, bookAuthor = ?, bookDesc = ?, bookDate = ?, bookImg = ?, createdBy = ? WHERE bookId = ?"

    guard sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    defer { sqlite3_finalize(statement) }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 1, book.title, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 2, book.author, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 3, book.bookDescription, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 4, dateFormatter.string(from: book.createDate), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard book.image.withUnsafeBytes({ bufferPointer -> Int32 in
        sqlite3_bind_blob(statement, 5, bufferPointer.baseAddress, Int32(book.image.count), SQLITE_TRANSIENT)
    }) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_text(statement, 6, book.createdBy, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_bind_int64(statement, 7, id) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE else {
        throw SQLiteError.step(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_changes(db) > 0 else {
        throw SQLiteError.noDataChanged
    }
}

func delete(_ book: Book) throws {
    guard let id = book.id.flatMap({ Int64($0) }) else {
        throw SQLiteError.noDataChanged
    }

    var statement: OpaquePointer? = nil
    let query = "DELETE FROM Book WHERE bookId = ?"

    guard sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    defer { sqlite3_finalize(statement) }

    guard sqlite3_bind_int64(statement, 1, id) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_DONE else {
        throw SQLiteError.step(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_changes(db) > 0 else {
        throw SQLiteError.noDataChanged
    }
}

func select(bookId: Int) throws -> Book {
    var statement: OpaquePointer? = nil
    let query = "SELECT bookId, bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy FROM Book WHERE bookId = ?"

    guard sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    defer { sqlite3_finalize(statement) }

    guard sqlite3_bind_int64(statement, 1, Int64(bookId)) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.bind(message: errorMessage)
    }

    guard sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW else {
        throw SQLiteError.step(message: errorMessage)
    }

    return try book(for: statement)
}

func selectAll() throws -> [Book] {
    var statement: OpaquePointer? = nil
    let query = "SELECT bookId, bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy FROM Book"

    guard sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, -1, &statement, nil) == SQLITE_OK else {
        throw SQLiteError.prepare(message: errorMessage)
    }

    defer { sqlite3_finalize(statement) }

    var books = [Book]()

    var rc: Int32
    repeat {
        rc = sqlite3_step(statement)
        guard rc == SQLITE_ROW else { break }
        books.append(try book(for: statement))
    } while rc == SQLITE_ROW

    guard rc == SQLITE_DONE else {
        throw SQLiteError.step(message: errorMessage)
    }

    return books
}

func book(for statement: OpaquePointer?) throws -> Book {
    let bookId = Int(sqlite3_column_int64(statement, 0))

    guard let bookNameCString = sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) else {
        throw SQLiteError.column(message: errorMessage)
    }
    let bookName = String(cString: bookNameCString)

    guard let bookAuthorCString = sqlite3_column_text(statement, 2) else {
        throw SQLiteError.column(message: errorMessage)
    }
    let bookAuthor = String(cString: bookAuthorCString)

    guard let bookDescCString = sqlite3_column_text(statement, 3) else {
        throw SQLiteError.column(message: errorMessage)
    }
    let bookDesc = String(cString: bookDescCString)

    guard let bookDateCString = sqlite3_column_text(statement, 4) else {
        throw SQLiteError.column(message: errorMessage)
    }
    guard let bookDate = dateFormatter.date(from: String(cString: bookDateCString)) else {
        throw SQLiteError.invalidDate
    }

    let bookImgCount = Int(sqlite3_column_bytes(statement, 5))
    guard bookImgCount > 0 else {
        throw SQLiteError.missingData
    }
    guard let bookImgBlog = sqlite3_column_blob(statement, 5) else {
        throw SQLiteError.column(message: errorMessage)
    }
    let bookImg = Data(bytes: bookImgBlog, count: bookImgCount)

    guard let createdByCString = sqlite3_column_text(statement, 6) else {
        throw SQLiteError.column(message: errorMessage)
    }
    let createdBy = String(cString: createdByCString)

    return Book(id: bookId, image: bookImg, title: bookName, author: bookAuthor, bookDescription: bookDesc, createDate: bookDate, createdBy: createdBy)
}

有了这些定义:

struct Book {
    var id: Int?
    var image: Data
    var title: String
    var author: String
    var bookDescription: String  // this is the only one where I kept the `book` prefix, simply because `description` is a reserved name
    var createDate: Date
    var createdBy: String
}

enum SQLiteError: Error {
    case open(result: Int32)
    case exec(message: String)
    case prepare(message: String)
    case bind(message: String)
    case step(message: String)
    case column(message: String)
    case invalidDate
    case missingData
    case noDataChanged
}

虽然我相信你应该检查所有 sqlite3_xxx要求错误，我个人觉得以上所有内容都有些难看。我建议包装所有 SQLite3 调用，让您摆脱困境。那里有很多。 This a thin wrapper将上面的代码简化为:

func insert(_ book: inout Book) throws {
    let query = "INSERT INTO book (bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"

    let statement = try database.prepare(query, parameters: [
        book.title, book.author, book.bookDescription, book.createDate, book.image, book.createdBy
    ])
    try statement.step()
    book.id = Int(database.lastRowId())
}

func update(_ book: Book) throws {
    let query = "UPDATE Book SET bookName = ?, bookAuthor = ?, bookDesc = ?, bookDate = ?, bookImg = ?, createdBy = ? WHERE bookId = ?"

    let statement = try database.prepare(query, parameters: [
        book.title, book.author, book.bookDescription, book.createDate, book.image, book.createdBy, book.id
    ])
    try statement.step()
}

func delete(_ book: Book) throws {
    let query = "DELETE FROM Book WHERE bookId = ?"
    let statement = try database.prepare(query, parameters: [book.id])
    try statement.step()
}

func select(bookId: Int) throws -> Book? {
    let query = "SELECT bookId, bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy FROM Book WHERE bookId = ?"
    let statement = try database.prepare(query, parameters: [bookId])
    if try statement.step() == .row {
        return book(for: statement)
    } else {
        return nil
    }
}

func selectAll() throws -> [Book] {
    let query = "SELECT bookId, bookName, bookAuthor, bookDesc, bookDate, bookImg, createdBy FROM Book"
    let statement = try database.prepare(query)

    var books = [Book]()
    while try statement.step() == .row {
        if let book = book(for: statement) {
            books.append(book)
        }
    }
    return books
}

func book(for statement: Statement) -> Book? {
    guard
        let id = Int(from: statement, index: 0),
        let title = String(from: statement, index: 1),
        let author = String(from: statement, index: 2),
        let description = String(from: statement, index: 3),
        let date = Date(from: statement, index: 4),
        let data = Data(from: statement, index: 5),
        let createdBy = String(from: statement, index: 6) else {
            return nil
    }

    return Book(id: id, image: data, title: title, author: author, bookDescription: description, createDate: date, createdBy: createdBy)
}

关于Swift SQLite3 语法和绑定(bind)，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46846769/

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