我想“剪切”一个 numpy 数组。我不确定我是否正确使用了“剪切”一词；通过剪切，我的意思是:

将第一列移动0位
将第二列移动一位
将第三列移动 2 位
等等……

所以这个数组:

array([[11, 12, 13],
       [17, 18, 19],
       [35, 36, 37]])

会变成这个数组:

array([[11, 36, 19],
       [17, 12, 37],
       [35, 18, 13]])

或者像这样的数组:

array([[11,  0,  0],
       [17, 12,  0],
       [35, 18, 13]])

取决于我们如何处理边缘。我对边缘行为并不太在意。

这是我尝试执行此操作的函数:

import numpy

def shear(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1, edges='clip'):
    strength = int(strength)
    shift_axis = int(shift_axis)
    increase_axis = int(increase_axis)
    if shift_axis == increase_axis:
        raise UserWarning("Shear can't shift in the direction it increases")
    temp = numpy.zeros(a.shape, dtype=int)
    indices = []
    for d, num in enumerate(a.shape):
        coords = numpy.arange(num)
        shape = [1] * len(a.shape)
        shape[d] = num
        coords = coords.reshape(shape) + temp
        indices.append(coords)
    indices[shift_axis] -= strength * indices[increase_axis]
    if edges == 'clip':
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] < 0] = -1
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] >= a.shape[shift_axis]] = -1
        res = a[indices]
        res[indices[shift_axis] == -1] = 0
    elif edges == 'roll':
        indices[shift_axis] %= a.shape[shift_axis]
        res = a[indices]
    return res

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = numpy.random.random((3,4))
    print a
    print shear(a)

这似乎有效。如果没有，请告诉我!

它也显得笨拙和不雅。我是否忽略了执行此操作的内置 numpy/scipy 函数？在 numpy 中是否有更清洁/更好/更有效的方法来做到这一点？我是在重新发明轮子吗？

编辑:
如果这适用于 N 维数组，而不仅仅是 2D 情况，则加分。

这个函数将位于循环的中心，我将在我们的数据处理中重复多次，所以我怀疑它实际上值得优化。

第二次编辑: 我终于做了一些基准测试。看起来 numpy.roll 是要走的路，尽管有循环。谢谢 tom10 和 Sven Marnach!

基准测试代码:(在 Windows 上运行，我认为不要在 Linux 上使用 time.clock)

import time, numpy

def shear_1(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1, edges='roll'):
    strength = int(strength)
    shift_axis = int(shift_axis)
    increase_axis = int(increase_axis)
    if shift_axis == increase_axis:
        raise UserWarning("Shear can't shift in the direction it increases")
    temp = numpy.zeros(a.shape, dtype=int)
    indices = []
    for d, num in enumerate(a.shape):
        coords = numpy.arange(num)
        shape = [1] * len(a.shape)
        shape[d] = num
        coords = coords.reshape(shape) + temp
        indices.append(coords)
    indices[shift_axis] -= strength * indices[increase_axis]
    if edges == 'clip':
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] < 0] = -1
        indices[shift_axis][indices[shift_axis] >= a.shape[shift_axis]] = -1
        res = a[indices]
        res[indices[shift_axis] == -1] = 0
    elif edges == 'roll':
        indices[shift_axis] %= a.shape[shift_axis]
        res = a[indices]
    return res

def shear_2(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1, edges='roll'):
    indices = numpy.indices(a.shape)
    indices[shift_axis] -= strength * indices[increase_axis]
    indices[shift_axis] %= a.shape[shift_axis]
    res = a[tuple(indices)]
    if edges == 'clip':
        res[indices[shift_axis] < 0] = 0
        res[indices[shift_axis] >= a.shape[shift_axis]] = 0
    return res

def shear_3(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1):
    if shift_axis > increase_axis:
        shift_axis -= 1
    res = numpy.empty_like(a)
    index = numpy.index_exp[:] * increase_axis
    roll = numpy.roll
    for i in range(0, a.shape[increase_axis]):
        index_i = index + (i,)
        res[index_i] = roll(a[index_i], i * strength, shift_axis)
    return res

numpy.random.seed(0)
for a in (
    numpy.random.random((3, 3, 3, 3)),
    numpy.random.random((50, 50, 50, 50)),
    numpy.random.random((300, 300, 10, 10)),
    ):
    print 'Array dimensions:', a.shape
    for sa, ia in ((0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 3), (0, 3)):
        print 'Shift axis:', sa
        print 'Increase axis:', ia
        ref = shear_1(a, shift_axis=sa, increase_axis=ia)
        for shear, label in ((shear_1, '1'), (shear_2, '2'), (shear_3, '3')):
            start = time.clock()
            b = shear(a, shift_axis=sa, increase_axis=ia)
            end = time.clock()
            print label + ': %0.6f seconds'%(end-start)
            if (b - ref).max() > 1e-9:
                print "Something's wrong."
        print

最佳答案

tom10's answer 中的方法可以扩展到任意维度:

def shear3(a, strength=1, shift_axis=0, increase_axis=1):
    if shift_axis > increase_axis:
        shift_axis -= 1
    res = numpy.empty_like(a)
    index = numpy.index_exp[:] * increase_axis
    roll = numpy.roll
    for i in range(0, a.shape[increase_axis]):
        index_i = index + (i,)
        res[index_i] = roll(a[index_i], -i * strength, shift_axis)
    return res

关于python - 剪切一个 numpy 数组，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4998587/