根据我对 MVVM 的理解，直接在 ViewModel 中处理路由命令是一种很好的做法。

当路由命令在 ViewModel 中定义为 RelayCommand(或 DelegateCommand)时，很容易像这样直接绑定(bind)到命令:Command={Binding MyViewModelDefinedCommand}。

实际上，对于在我的 ViewModel 外部定义的路由命令，我在 View 的代码隐藏中处理这些命令并将调用转发到 ViewModel。但我觉得我不得不这样做很尴尬。它违背了推荐的 MVVM 良好实践。我认为应该有一种更优雅的方式来完成这项工作。

如何直接在 ViewModel 中处理“System.Windows.Input.ApplicationCommands”或在 Viewmodel 外部定义的任何路由命令。 换句话说，对于在 ViewModel 外部定义的命令，我如何直接处理 ViewModel 的 CommandBinding 回调“CommandExecute”和/或“CommandCanExecute”？ 那可能吗？如果是如何？如果不是，为什么？

最佳答案

我将问题改写为:

How can I handle WPF routed commands in my ViewModel without code-behind?

对此，我会回答:好问题!

WPF 不提供执行此操作的内置方法，这在您第一次启动 WPF 并且每个人都告诉您“代码隐藏是邪恶的”(它确实是)时尤其烦人。所以你必须自己构建它。

自己构建

那么，如何自己创建此类功能呢？好吧，首先我们需要一个 CommandBinding 的等价物:

/// <summary>
///  Allows associated a routed command with a non-routed command.  Used by
///  <see cref="RoutedCommandHandlers"/>.
/// </summary>
public class RoutedCommandHandler : Freezable
{
  public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
    "Command",
    typeof(ICommand),
    typeof(RoutedCommandHandler),
    new PropertyMetadata(default(ICommand)));

  /// <summary> The command that should be executed when the RoutedCommand fires. </summary>
  public ICommand Command
  {
    get { return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty); }
    set { SetValue(CommandProperty, value); }
  }

  /// <summary> The command that triggers <see cref="ICommand"/>. </summary>
  public ICommand RoutedCommand { get; set; }

  /// <inheritdoc />
  protected override Freezable CreateInstanceCore()
  {
    return new RoutedCommandHandler();
  }

  /// <summary>
  ///  Register this handler to respond to the registered RoutedCommand for the
  ///  given element.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="owner"> The element for which we should register the command
  ///  binding for the current routed command. </param>
  internal void Register(FrameworkElement owner)
  {
    var binding = new CommandBinding(RoutedCommand, HandleExecuted, HandleCanExecute);
    owner.CommandBindings.Add(binding);
  }

  /// <summary> Proxy to the current Command.CanExecute(object). </summary>
  private void HandleCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)
  {
    e.CanExecute = Command?.CanExecute(e.Parameter) == true;
    e.Handled = true;
  }

  /// <summary> Proxy to the current Command.Execute(object). </summary>
  private void HandleExecuted(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)
  {
    Command?.Execute(e.Parameter);
    e.Handled = true;
  }
}

然后我们需要一个类，它实际上将 RoutedCommandHandler 与特定元素相关联。为此，我们将收集 RoutedCommandHandler 作为附加属性，如下所示:

/// <summary>
///  Holds a collection of <see cref="RoutedCommandHandler"/> that should be
///  turned into CommandBindings.
/// </summary>
public class RoutedCommandHandlers : FreezableCollection<RoutedCommandHandler>
{
  /// <summary>
  ///  Hide this from WPF so that it's forced to go through
  ///  <see cref="GetCommands"/> and we can auto-create the collection
  ///  if it doesn't already exist.  This isn't strictly necessary but it makes
  ///  the XAML much nicer.
  /// </summary>
  private static readonly DependencyProperty CommandsProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
    "CommandsPrivate",
    typeof(RoutedCommandHandlers),
    typeof(RoutedCommandHandlers),
    new PropertyMetadata(default(RoutedCommandHandlers)));

  /// <summary>
  ///  Gets the collection of RoutedCommandHandler for a given element, creating
  ///  it if it doesn't already exist.
  /// </summary>
  public static RoutedCommandHandlers GetCommands(FrameworkElement element)
  {
    RoutedCommandHandlers handlers = (RoutedCommandHandlers)element.GetValue(CommandsProperty);
    if (handlers == null)
    {
      handlers = new RoutedCommandHandlers(element);
      element.SetValue(CommandsProperty, handlers);
    }

    return handlers;
  }

  private readonly FrameworkElement _owner;

  /// <summary> Each collection is tied to a specific element. </summary>
  /// <param name="owner"> The element for which this collection is created. </param>
  public RoutedCommandHandlers(FrameworkElement owner)
  {
    _owner = owner;

    // because we auto-create the collection, we don't know when items will be
    // added.  So, we observe ourself for changes manually. 
    var self = (INotifyCollectionChanged)this;
    self.CollectionChanged += (sender, args) =>
                              {
                                // note this does not handle deletions, that's left as an exercise for the
                                // reader, but most of the time, that's not needed! 
                                ((RoutedCommandHandlers)sender).HandleAdditions(args.NewItems);
                              };
  }

  /// <summary> Invoked when new items are added to the collection. </summary>
  /// <param name="newItems"> The new items that were added. </param>
  private void HandleAdditions(IList newItems)
  {
    if (newItems == null)
      return;

    foreach (RoutedCommandHandler routedHandler in newItems)
    {
      routedHandler.Register(_owner);
    }
  }

  /// <inheritdoc />
  protected override Freezable CreateInstanceCore()
  {
    return new RoutedCommandHandlers(_owner);
  }
}

然后，就像在我们的元素上使用类一样简单:

<local:RoutedCommandHandlers.Commands>
  <local:RoutedCommandHandler RoutedCommand="Help" Command="{Binding TheCommand}" />
</local:RoutedCommandHandlers.Commands>

交互.行为实现

了解了以上内容，你可能会问:

Wow, that's great, but that's a lot of code. I'm using Expression Behaviors already, so is there a way to simplify this a bit?

对此，我会回答:好问题!

如果您已经在使用 Interaction.Behaviors，那么您可以改用以下实现:

/// <summary>
///  Allows associated a routed command with a non-ordinary command. 
/// </summary>
public class RoutedCommandBinding : Behavior<FrameworkElement>
{
  public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
    "Command",
    typeof(ICommand),
    typeof(RoutedCommandBinding),
    new PropertyMetadata(default(ICommand)));

  /// <summary> The command that should be executed when the RoutedCommand fires. </summary>
  public ICommand Command
  {
    get { return (ICommand)GetValue(CommandProperty); }
    set { SetValue(CommandProperty, value); }
  }

  /// <summary> The command that triggers <see cref="ICommand"/>. </summary>
  public ICommand RoutedCommand { get; set; }

  protected override void OnAttached()
  {
    base.OnAttached();

    var binding = new CommandBinding(RoutedCommand, HandleExecuted, HandleCanExecute);
    AssociatedObject.CommandBindings.Add(binding);
  }

  /// <summary> Proxy to the current Command.CanExecute(object). </summary>
  private void HandleCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)
  {
    e.CanExecute = Command?.CanExecute(e.Parameter) == true;
    e.Handled = true;
  }

  /// <summary> Proxy to the current Command.Execute(object). </summary>
  private void HandleExecuted(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)
  {
    Command?.Execute(e.Parameter);
    e.Handled = true;
  }
}

用对应的XAML:

<i:Interaction.Behaviors>
  <local:RoutedCommandBinding RoutedCommand="Help" Command="{Binding TheCommand}" />
</i:Interaction.Behaviors>

关于c# - 如何在没有代码隐藏的情况下处理我的 ViewModel 中的 WPF 路由命令？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36183366/