我只需要一些主机上没有的包(我和 linux...我们...我们并没有花太多时间在一起...)。

我曾经像这样安装它们:

# from the source
python setup.py install --user

或

# with easy_install
easy_install prefix=~/.local package

但它不适用于 lxml。我在构建过程中遇到了很多错误:

x:~/lxml-2.3$ python setup.py build
Building lxml version 2.3.
Building without Cython.
ERROR: /bin/sh: xslt-config: command not found

** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

Using build configuration of libxslt
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
building 'lxml.etree' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w
In file included from src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:227:
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:9:31: error: libxml/xmlversion.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:11:4: error: #error the development package of libxml2 (header files etc.) is not installed correctly
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:13:32: error: libxslt/xsltconfig.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:15:4: error: #error the development package of libxslt (header files etc.) is not installed correctly
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:230:29: error: libxml/encoding.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:231:28: error: libxml/chvalid.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:232:25: error: libxml/hash.h: No such file or directory
...
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55179: error: Б─≤xmlNodeБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55179: error: Б─≤__pyx_v_c_nodeБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55184: error: Б─≤_node_to_node_functionБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55184: error: expected Б─≤;Б─≥ before Б─≤__pyx_v_next_elementБ─≥
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55251: error: Б─≤struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__ReadOnlyProxyБ─≥ has no member named Б─≤_c_nodeБ─≥
...

http://lxml.de/installation.html说它有一些依赖性。但是如何在没有管理权限的情况下安装它们呢？

最佳答案

如果你没有管理员权限，又无法说服管理员为你安装相关包，你有两个选择:

选项 1 - 下载 libxml2 and libxslt 的源代码并将它们编译并安装在您的 $HOME 某处，然后针对这些副本构建 python-lxml。

这是一个非常复杂的示例，因为如果您缺少更多依赖项，您可能需要下载/编译很长时间。

选项 2 - 下载与您服务器上使用的相同 Linux 发行版的二进制包，并将内容解压缩到您的主目录下。

例如，如果您运行的是 Ubuntu Lucid，您首先要找出您的操作系统使用的版本，然后下载您缺少的软件包:

% uname -m
x86_64
% aptitude show libxml2 | grep Version
Version: 2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1

接下来直接从Ubuntu服务器下载你需要的包:

% mkdir root ; cd root
% wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
% wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxslt/libxslt1.1_1.1.26-6build1_amd64.deb
% wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lxml/python-lxml_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb

提取内容并合并 lxml native 代码和纯 python 代码并将共享库移至顶部，然后删除提取的内容:

% dpkg-deb -x libxml2_2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb .
% dpkg-deb -x libxslt1.1_1.1.26-6build1_amd64.deb .
% dpkg-deb -x python-lxml_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb .
% mv ./usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml .
% mv ./usr/share/pyshared/lxml/* lxml
% mv ./usr/lib .
% rm *.deb
% rm -rf usr

最后，要使用这些文件，您需要将 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 和 PYTHONPATH 环境变量设置为指向 $HOME/root。将它们放在您的 ~/.bashrc(或等效文件)中，以便它们是永久性的:

% export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/root/lib
% export PYTHONPATH=$HOME/root

您可以使用 ldd(如果已安装)验证是否正在找到共享对象:

% ldd $HOME/root/lxml/etree.so | grep $HOME
libxslt.so.1 => /home/user/root/lib/libxslt.so.1 (0x00007ff9b1f0f000)
libexslt.so.0 => /home/user/root/lib/libexslt.so.0 (0x00007ff9b1cfa000)
libxml2.so.2 => /home/user/root/lib/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007ff9b19a9000)

然后你就可以测试 Python 了:

% python
>>> from lxml import etree

关于python - 如何在没有 linux 管理权限的情况下为 python 安装 lxml？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5976030/