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javascript - 如何使用 Blob URL、MediaSource 或其他方法播放串联的媒体片段 Blob?

coder 2024-05-06 原文

由于缺乏不同的描述,我正在尝试实现离线媒体环境。

这个概念是创建 1 秒的 Blob 记录媒体,能够

  1. HTMLMediaElement 上独立播放 1 秒的 Blob
  2. 播放来自串联的 Blob 的完整媒体资源

问题是,一旦 Blob 连接起来,媒体资源就不会在 HTMLMedia 元素上使用 Blob URLMediaSource.

创建的 Blob URL 仅播放连接的 Blob 的 1 秒。 MediaSource 抛出两个异常

DOMException: Failed to execute 'addSourceBuffer' on 'MediaSource': The MediaSource's readyState is not 'open'

DOMException: Failed to execute 'appendBuffer' on 'SourceBuffer': This SourceBuffer has been removed from the parent media source.

如何正确编码串联的 Blob 或以其他方式实现解决方法以将媒体片段作为单个重组媒体资源播放?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
</head>

<body>
  <script>
    const src = "https://nickdesaulniers.github.io/netfix/demo/frag_bunny.mp4";
    fetch(src)
      .then(response => response.blob())
      .then(blob => {
        const blobURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        const chunks = [];
        const mimeCodec = "vdeo/webm; codecs=opus";
        let duration;
        let media = document.createElement("video");
        media.onloadedmetadata = () => {
          media.onloadedmetadata = null;
          duration = Math.ceil(media.duration);
          let arr = Array.from({
            length: duration
          }, (_, index) => index);
          // record each second of media
          arr.reduce((p, index) =>
              p.then(() =>
                new Promise(resolve => {
                  let recorder;
                  let video = document.createElement("video");
                  video.onpause = e => {
                    video.onpause = null;
                    console.log(e);
                    recorder.stop();
                  }

                  video.oncanplay = () => {
                    video.oncanplay = null;
                    video.play();

                    let stream = video.captureStream();

                    recorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);

                    recorder.start();

                    recorder.ondataavailable = e => {
                      console.log("data event", recorder.state, e.data);
                      chunks.push(e.data);
                    }

                    recorder.onstop = e => {
                      resolve();
                    }

                  }
                  video.src = `${blobURL}#t=${index},${index+1}`;
                })
              ), Promise.resolve())
            .then(() => {
              console.log(chunks);
              let video = document.createElement("video");
              video.controls = true;
              document.body.appendChild(video);
              let select = document.createElement("select");
              document.body.appendChild(select);
              let option = new Option("select a segment");
              select.appendChild(option);
              for (let chunk of chunks) {
                let index = chunks.indexOf(chunk);
                let option = new Option(`Play ${index}-${index + 1} seconds of media`, index);
                select.appendChild(option)
              }
              let fullMedia = new Blob(chunks, {
                type: mimeCodec
              });

              let opt = new Option("Play full media", "Play full media");
              select.appendChild(opt);
              select.onchange = () => {
                if (select.value !== "Play full media") {
                  video.src = URL.createObjectURL(chunks[select.value])
                } else {

                  const mediaSource = new MediaSource();
                  video.src = URL.createObjectURL(mediaSource);
                  mediaSource.addEventListener("sourceopen", sourceOpen);

                  function sourceOpen(event) {
                    // if the media type is supported by `mediaSource`
                    // fetch resource, begin stream read, 
                    // append stream to `sourceBuffer`
                    if (MediaSource.isTypeSupported(mimeCodec)) {
                      var sourceBuffer = mediaSource.addSourceBuffer(mimeCodec);
                      // set `sourceBuffer` `.mode` to `"sequence"`
                      sourceBuffer.mode = "segments";

                      fetch(URL.createObjectURL(fullMedia))
                        // return `ReadableStream` of `response`
                        .then(response => response.body.getReader())
                        .then(reader => {

                          const processStream = (data) => {
                              if (data.done) {
                                return;
                              }
                              // append chunk of stream to `sourceBuffer`
                              sourceBuffer.appendBuffer(data.value);
                            }
                            // at `sourceBuffer` `updateend` call `reader.read()`,
                            // to read next chunk of stream, append chunk to 
                            // `sourceBuffer`
                          sourceBuffer.addEventListener("updateend", function() {
                            reader.read().then(processStream);
                          });
                          // start processing stream
                          reader.read().then(processStream);
                          // do stuff `reader` is closed, 
                          // read of stream is complete
                          return reader.closed.then(() => {
                            // signal end of stream to `mediaSource`
                            mediaSource.endOfStream();
                            return mediaSource.readyState;
                          })
                        })
                        // do stuff when `reader.closed`, `mediaSource` stream ended
                        .then(msg => console.log(msg))
                        .catch(err => console.log(err))
                    }
                    // if `mimeCodec` is not supported by `MediaSource`  
                    else {
                      alert(mimeCodec + " not supported");
                    }
                  };

                }

              }

            })
        }
        media.src = blobURL;
      })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

select change 事件中使用 Blob URL at else 语句,仅播放媒体资源的第一秒

video.src = URL.createObjectURL(fullMedia);

plnkr http://plnkr.co/edit/dNznvxe504JX7RWY658T?p=preview版本 1 Blob URL,版本 2 MediaSource

最佳答案

目前没有针对视频编辑的 Web API。
MediaStream 和 MediaRecorder API 旨在处理实时源。

由于视频文件的结构,您不能只切一部分来制作新视频,也不能将小视频文件拼接起来制作更长的视频。在这两种情况下,您都需要重建其元数据才能制作新的视频文件。
当前唯一能够生成 MediaFiles 的 API 是 MediaRecorder。

目前只有两个 MediaRecorder API 的实现者,但它们在两个不同的容器中支持大约 3 种不同的编解码器,这意味着您需要自己构建至少 5 个元数据解析器才能仅支持当前的实现(这将保留数量在增长,并且可能需要随着实现的更新而更新)。
听起来像是一项艰巨的工作。

也许传入的 WebAssembly API 将允许我们将 ffmpeg 移植到浏览器,这将使它变得更简单,但我必须承认我根本不知道 WA,所以我什至不确定它是否真的可行.


我听到你说“好吧,没有专门为此而制作的工具,但我们是黑客,我们还有其他功能强大的工具。”
嗯,是。如果我们真的愿意这样做,我们可以破解一些东西......

如前所述,MediaStream 和 MediaRecorder 用于实时视频。因此,我们可以使用 [HTMLVideoElement | HTMLCanvasElement].captureStream() 将静态视频文件转换为实时流。方法。
借助 MediaRecorder API,我们还可以将这些直播流记录到静态文件中。

但是,我们不能做的是将当前的流源更改为 MediaRecorder。

所以为了将小视频文件合并成一个更长的视频文件,我们需要

  • 将这些视频载入<video>元素
  • 绘制这些<video> <canvas> 上的元素所需顺序中的元素
  • <video> 提供给 AudioContext 的流源元素
  • 将 canvas.captureStream 和 AudioStreamSource 的流合并到一个 MediaStream 中
  • 记录这个 MediaStream

但这意味着合并实际上是对所有视频的重新录制,而且这只能实时完成(速度=x1)


这是一个现场概念验证,我们首先将原始视频文件分成多个较小的部分,将这些部分打乱以模仿一些蒙太奇,然后创建一个基于 Canvas 的播放器,也能够记录这个蒙太奇并导出它。

NotaBene:这是第一个版本,我仍然有很多错误(特别是在 Firefox 中,在 chrome 中应该几乎可以正常工作)。

(() => {
  if (!('MediaRecorder' in window)) {
    throw new Error('unsupported browser');
  }
  // some global params
  const CHUNK_DURATION = 1000;
  const MAX_SLICES = 15; // get only 15 slices
  const FPS = 30;

  async function init() {
    const url = 'https://nickdesaulniers.github.io/netfix/demo/frag_bunny.mp4';
    const slices = await getSlices(url); // slice the original media in longer chunks
    mess_up_array(slices); // Let's shuffle these slices,
    // otherwise there is no point merging it in a new file
    generateSelect(slices); // displays each chunk independentely
    window.player = new SlicePlayer(slices); // init our player
  };

  const SlicePlayer = class {
    /*
   		@args: Array of populated HTMLVideoElements
	*/
    constructor(parts) {
      this.parts = parts;

      this.initVideoContext();
      this.initAudioContext();

      this.currentIndex = 0; // to know which video we'll play
      this.currentTime = 0;

      this.duration = parts.reduce((a, b) => b._duration + a, 0); // the sum of all parts' durations
      // (see below why "_")

      this.initDOM();
      // attach our onended callback only on the last vid
      this.parts[this.parts.length - 1].onended = e => this.onended();
      this.resetAll(); // set all videos' currentTime to 0 + draw first frame
    }
    initVideoContext() {
      const c = this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
      c.width = this.parts[0].videoWidth;
      c.height = this.parts[0].videoHeight;
      this.v_ctx = c.getContext('2d');
    }
    initAudioContext() {
      const a = this.a_ctx = new AudioContext();
      const gain = this.volume_node = a.createGain();
      gain.connect(a.destination);
      // extract the audio from our video elements so that we can record it
      this.audioSources = this.parts.map(v => a.createMediaElementSource(v));
      this.audioSources.forEach(s => s.connect(gain));
    }
    initDOM() {
      // all DOM things...
      canvas_player_timeline.max = this.duration;
      canvas_player_cont.appendChild(this.canvas);
      canvas_player_play_btn.onclick = e => this.startVid(this.currentIndex);
      canvas_player_cont.style.display = 'inline-block';
      canvas_player_timeline.oninput = e => {
        if (!this.recording)
          this.onseeking(e);
      };
      canvas_player_record_btn.onclick = e => this.record();
    }
    resetAll() {
      this.currentTime = canvas_player_timeline.value = 0;
      // when the first part as actually been reset to start
      this.parts[0].onseeked = e => {
        this.parts[0].onseeked = null;
        this.draw(0); // draw it
      };
      this.parts.forEach(v => v.currentTime = 0);

      if (this.playing && this.stopLoop) {
        this.playing = false;
        this.stopLoop();
      }
    }
    startVid(index) { // starts playing the video at given index
      if (index > this.parts.length - 1) { // that was the last one
        this.onended();
        return;
      }
      this.playing = true;
      this.currentIndex = index; // update our currentIndex
      this.parts[index].play().then(() => {
        // try to avoid at maximum the gaps between different parts
        if (this.recording && this.recorder.state === 'paused') {
          this.recorder.resume();
        }
      });

      this.startLoop();
    }
    startNext() { // starts the next part before the current one actually ended
      const nextPart = this.parts[this.currentIndex + 1];
      if (!nextPart) { // current === last
        return;
      }
      this.playing = true;
      if (!nextPart.paused) { // already playing ?
        return;
      }
      // try to avoid at maximum the gaps between different parts
      if (this.recording && this.recorder && this.recorder.state === 'recording') {
        this.recorder.pause();
      }

      nextPart.play()
        .then(() => {
          ++this.currentIndex; // this is now the current video
          if (!this.playing) { // somehow got stop in between ?
            this.playing = true;
            this.startLoop(); // start again
          }
          // try to avoid at maximum the gaps between different parts
          if (this.recording && this.recorder.state === 'paused') {
            this.recorder.resume();
          }
        });

    }
    startLoop() { // starts our update loop
      // see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40687010/
      this.stopLoop = audioTimerLoop(e => this.update(), 1000 / FPS);
    }
    update(t) { // at every tick
      const currentPart = this.parts[this.currentIndex];

      this.updateTimeLine(); // update the timeline

      if (!this.playing || currentPart.paused) { // somehow got stopped
        this.playing = false;
        if (this.stopLoop) {
          this.stopLoop(); // stop the loop
        }
      }

      this.draw(this.currentIndex); // draw the current video on the canvas

      // calculate how long we've got until the end of this part
      const remainingTime = currentPart._duration - currentPart.currentTime;
      if (remainingTime < (2 / FPS)) { // less than 2 frames ?
        setTimeout(e => this.startNext(), remainingTime / 2); // start the next part
      }
    }
    draw(index) { // draw the video[index] on the canvas
      this.v_ctx.drawImage(this.parts[index], 0, 0);
    }
    updateTimeLine() {
      // get the sum of all parts' currentTime
      this.currentTime = this.parts.reduce((a, b) =>
        (isFinite(b.currentTime) ? b.currentTime : b._duration) + a, 0);
      canvas_player_timeline.value = this.currentTime;
    }
    onended() { // triggered when the last part ends
      // if we are recording, stop the recorder
      if (this.recording && this.recorder.state !== 'inactive') {
        this.recorder.stop();
      }
      // go back to first frame
      this.resetAll();
      this.currentIndex = 0;
      this.playing = false;
    }
    onseeking(evt) { // when we click the timeline
      // first reset all videos' currentTime to 0
      this.parts.forEach(v => v.currentTime = 0);
      this.currentTime = +evt.target.value;
      let index = 0;
      let sum = 0;
      // find which part should be played at this time
      for (index; index < this.parts.length; index++) {
        let p = this.parts[index];
        if (sum + p._duration > this.currentTime) {
          break;
        }
        sum += p._duration;
        p.currentTime = p._duration;
      }
      this.currentIndex = index;
      // set the currentTime of this part
      this.parts[index].currentTime = this.currentTime - sum;

      if (this.playing) { // if we were playing
        this.startVid(index); // set this part as the current one
      } else {
        this.parts[index].onseeked = e => { // wait we actually seeked the correct position
          this.parts[index].onseeked = null;
          this.draw(index); // and draw a single frame
        };
      }
    }
    record() { // inits the recording
      this.recording = true; // let the app know we're recording
      this.resetAll(); // go back to first frame

      canvas_controls.classList.add('disabled'); // disable controls

      const v_stream = this.canvas.captureStream(FPS); // make a stream of our canvas
      const dest = this.a_ctx.createMediaStreamDestination(); // make a stream of our AudioContext
      this.volume_node.connect(dest);
      // FF bug... see https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1296531
      let merged_stream = null;
      if (!('mozCaptureStream' in HTMLVideoElement.prototype)) {
        v_stream.addTrack(dest.stream.getAudioTracks()[0]);
        merged_stream = v_stream;
      } else {
        merged_stream = new MediaStream(
          v_stream.getVideoTracks().concat(dest.stream.getAudioTracks())
        );
      }

      const chunks = [];
      const rec = this.recorder = new MediaRecorder(merged_stream, {
        mimeType: MediaRecorder._preferred_type
      });
      rec.ondataavailable = e => chunks.push(e.data);
      rec.onstop = e => {
        merged_stream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());
        this.export(new Blob(chunks));
      }
      rec.start();

      this.startVid(0); // start playing
    }
    export (blob) { // once the recording is over
      const a = document.createElement('a');
      a.download = a.innerHTML = 'merged.webm';
      a.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob, {
        type: MediaRecorder._preferred_type
      });
      exports_cont.appendChild(a);
      canvas_controls.classList.remove('disabled');
      this.recording = false;
      this.resetAll();
    }
  }

  // END Player

  function generateSelect(slices) { // generates a select to show each slice independently
    const select = document.createElement('select');
    select.appendChild(new Option('none', -1));
    slices.forEach((v, i) => select.appendChild(new Option(`slice ${i}`, i)));
    document.body.insertBefore(select, slice_player_cont);
    select.onchange = e => {
      slice_player_cont.firstElementChild && slice_player_cont.firstElementChild.remove();
      if (+select.value === -1) return; // 'none'
      slice_player_cont.appendChild(slices[+select.value]);
    };
  }

  async function getSlices(url) { // loads the main video, and record some slices from it

    const mainVid = await loadVid(url);

    // try to make the slicing silent... That's not easy.
    let a = null;
    if (mainVid.mozCaptureStream) { // target FF
      a = new AudioContext();
      // this causes an Range error in chrome
      //		a.createMediaElementSource(mainVid);
    } else { // chrome
      // this causes the stream to be muted too in FF
      mainVid.muted = true;
      // mainVid.volume = 0; // same
    }

    mainVid.play();
    const mainStream = mainVid.captureStream ? mainVid.captureStream() : mainVid.mozCaptureStream();
    console.log('mainVid loaded');
    const slices = await getSlicesInLoop(mainStream, mainVid);
    console.log('all slices loaded');
    setTimeout(() => console.clear(), 1000);
    if (a && a.close) { // kill the silence audio context (FF)
      a.close();
    }
    mainVid.pause();
    URL.revokeObjectURL(mainVid.src);

    return Promise.resolve(slices);
  }

  async function getSlicesInLoop(stream, mainVid) { // far from being precise
    // to do it well, we would need to get the keyframes info, but it's out of scope for this answer
    let slices = [];
    const loop = async function(i) {
      const slice = await mainVid.play().then(() => getNewSlice(stream, mainVid));
      console.log(`${i + 1} slice(s) loaded`);
      slices.push(slice);
      if ((mainVid.currentTime < mainVid._duration) && (i + 1 < MAX_SLICES)) {
        loop(++i);
      } else done(slices);
    };
    loop(0);
    let done;
    return new Promise((res, rej) => {
      done = arr => res(arr);
    });
  }

  function getNewSlice(stream, vid) { // one recorder per slice
    return new Promise((res, rej) => {
      const rec = new MediaRecorder(stream, {
        mimeType: MediaRecorder._preferred_type
      });
      const chunks = [];
      rec.ondataavailable = e => chunks.push(e.data);
      rec.onstop = e => {
        const blob = new Blob(chunks);
        res(loadVid(URL.createObjectURL(blob)));
      }
      rec.start();
      setTimeout(() => {
        const p = vid.pause();
        if (p && p.then)
          p.then(() => rec.stop())
        else
          rec.stop()
      }, CHUNK_DURATION);
    });
  }

  function loadVid(url) { // helper returning an video, preloaded
    return fetch(url)
      .then(r => r.blob())
      .then(b => makeVid(URL.createObjectURL(b)))
  };

  function makeVid(url) { // helper to create a video element
    const v = document.createElement('video');
    v.control = true;
    v.preload = 'metadata';
    return new Promise((res, rej) => {
      v.onloadedmetadata = e => {
        // chrome duration bug...
        // see https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=642012
        // will also occur in next FF versions, in worse...
        if (v.duration === Infinity) {
          v.onseeked = e => {
            v._duration = v.currentTime; // FF new bug never updates duration to correct value
            v.onseeked = null;
            v.currentTime = 0;
            res(v);
          };
          v.currentTime = 1e5; // big but not too big either
        } else {
          v._duration = v.duration;
          res(v);
        }
      };
      v.onerror = rej;
      v.src = url;
    });
  };

  function mess_up_array(arr) { // shuffles an array
	const _sort = () => {
      let r = Math.random() - .5;
      return r < -0.1 ? -1 : r > 0.1 ? 1 : 0;
    };
    arr.sort(_sort)
    arr.sort(_sort)
    arr.sort(_sort);
  }

  /*
      An alternative timing loop, based on AudioContext's clock

      @arg callback : a callback function 
          with the audioContext's currentTime passed as unique argument
      @arg frequency : float in ms;
      @returns : a stop function

  */
  function audioTimerLoop(callback, frequency) {

    const freq = frequency / 1000; // AudioContext time parameters are in seconds
    const aCtx = new AudioContext();
    // Chrome needs our oscillator node to be attached to the destination
    // So we create a silent Gain Node
    const silence = aCtx.createGain();
    silence.gain.value = 0;
    silence.connect(aCtx.destination);

    onOSCend();

    var stopped = false; // A flag to know when we'll stop the loop
    function onOSCend() {
      const osc = aCtx.createOscillator();
      osc.onended = onOSCend; // so we can loop
      osc.connect(silence);
      osc.start(0); // start it now
      osc.stop(aCtx.currentTime + freq); // stop it next frame
      callback(aCtx.currentTime); // one frame is done
      if (stopped) { // user broke the loop
        osc.onended = function() {
          aCtx.close(); // clear the audioContext
          return;
        };
      }
    };
    // return a function to stop our loop
    return () => stopped = true;
  }

  // get the preferred codec available (vp8 is my personal, more reader support)
  MediaRecorder._preferred_type = [
      "video/webm\;codecs=vp8",
      "video/webm\;codecs=vp9",
      "video/webm\;codecs=h264",
      "video/webm"
    ]
    .filter(t => MediaRecorder.isTypeSupported(t))[0];


  init();

})();
#canvas_player_cont {
  display: none;
  position: relative;
}

#canvas_player_cont.disabled {
  opacity: .7;
  pointer-events: none;
}

#canvas_controls {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 4px;
  left: 0px;
  width: calc(100% - 8px);
  display: flex;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .7);
  padding: 4px;
}

#canvas_player_play_btn {
  flex-grow: 0;
}

#canvas_player_timeline {
  flex-grow: 1;
}
<div id="slice_player_cont">
</div>
<div id="canvas_player_cont">
  <div id="canvas_controls">
    <button id="canvas_player_play_btn">play</button>
    <input type="range" min="0" max="10" step="0.01" id="canvas_player_timeline">
    <button id="canvas_player_record_btn">save</button>
  </div>
</div>
<div id="exports_cont"></div>

关于javascript - 如何使用 Blob URL、MediaSource 或其他方法播放串联的媒体片段 Blob?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45217962/

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