像现在的许多人一样，我一直在尝试 C++11 带来的不同功能。我的最爱之一是“基于范围的 for 循环”。

我明白那个:

for(Type& v : a) { ... }

for(auto iv = begin(a); iv != end(a); ++iv)
{
  Type& v = *iv;
  ...
}

最佳答案

自从发布问题(和大多数答案)以来，标准已更改 in the resolution of this defect report .
制作for(:)的方法在您的类型上循环工作 X现在是两种方式之一:

for( range_declaration : range_expression )

{
  auto && __range = range_expression ;
  for (auto __begin = begin_expr,
            __end = end_expr;
            __begin != __end; ++__begin) {
    range_declaration = *__begin;
    loop_statement
  }
}

{
  auto && __range = range_expression ;
  auto __begin = begin_expr;
  auto __end = end_expr;
  for (;__begin != __end; ++__begin) {
    range_declaration = *__begin;
    loop_statement
  }
}

struct null_sentinal_t {
  template<class Rhs,
    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Rhs, null_sentinal_t>{},int> =0
  >
  friend bool operator==(Rhs const& ptr, null_sentinal_t) {
    return !*ptr;
  }
  template<class Rhs,
    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Rhs, null_sentinal_t>{},int> =0
  >
  friend bool operator!=(Rhs const& ptr, null_sentinal_t) {
    return !(ptr==null_sentinal_t{});
  }
  template<class Lhs,
    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Lhs, null_sentinal_t>{},int> =0
  >
  friend bool operator==(null_sentinal_t, Lhs const& ptr) {
    return !*ptr;
  }
  template<class Lhs,
    std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Lhs, null_sentinal_t>{},int> =0
  >
  friend bool operator!=(null_sentinal_t, Lhs const& ptr) {
    return !(null_sentinal_t{}==ptr);
  }
  friend bool operator==(null_sentinal_t, null_sentinal_t) {
    return true;
  }
  friend bool operator!=(null_sentinal_t, null_sentinal_t) {
    return false;
  }
};

struct cstring {
  const char* ptr = 0;
  const char* begin() const { return ptr?ptr:""; }// return empty string if we are null
  null_sentinal_t end() const { return {}; }
};

cstring str{"abc"};
for (char c : str) {
    std::cout << c;
}
std::cout << "\n";

namespace library_ns {
  struct some_struct_you_do_not_control {
    std::vector<int> data;
  };
}

namespace library_ns {
  int* begin(some_struct_you_do_not_control& x){ return x.data.data(); }
  int* end(some_struct_you_do_not_control& x){ return x.data.data()+x.data.size(); }
  int const* cbegin(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return x.data.data(); }
  int* cend(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return x.data.data()+x.data.size(); }
  int const* begin(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return cbegin(x); }
  int const* end(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return cend(x); }
}

struct egg {};
struct egg_carton {
  auto begin() { return eggs.begin(); }
  auto end() { return eggs.end(); }
  auto cbegin() const { return eggs.begin(); }
  auto cend() const { return eggs.end(); }
  auto begin() const { return eggs.begin(); }
  auto end() const { return eggs.end(); }
private:
  std::vector<egg> eggs;
};

template<class It>
struct range_t {
  It b, e;
  It begin() const { return b; }
  It end() const { return e; }
  std::size_t size() const { return end()-begin(); }
  bool empty() const { return begin()==end(); }
 
  range_t without_back( std::size_t n = 1 ) const {
    n = (std::min)(n, size());
    return {begin(), end()-n};
  }
  range_t without_front( std::size_t n = 1 ) const {
    n = (std::min)(n, size());
    return {begin()+n, end()};
  }
  decltype(auto) front() const { return *begin(); }
  decltype(auto) back() const { return *(std::prev(end())); }
};
template<class C>
auto make_range( C&& c ) {
  using std::begin; using std::end;
  return range_t{ begin(c), end(c) };
}

std::vector<int> v{1,2,3,4,5};
for (auto x : make_range(v).without_front(2) ) {
  std::cout << x << "\n";
}

关于c++ - 如何使我的自定义类型与 "range-based for loops"一起使用？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8164567/