我的老师指定了一个程序来同时使用 if-else 语句和 switch 语句，因此我们了解如何实现这两种语句。该程序要求我们提示用户分别以磅和米为单位输入他们的体重和高度。这是我的尝试:

没有开关

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


int main()
{
    double height, weight, BMI, heightMeters, weightKilo;
    const double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.45359237;
    const double METERS_PER_INCH = 0.0245;

    cout << "Please enter your height (inches) and weight (pounds)" << endl;
    cin >> height >> weight;

    weightKilo = weight*KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND;
    heightMeters = height*METERS_PER_INCH;
    BMI = weightKilo / (heightMeters*heightMeters);

    if (BMI < 18.5) {
        cout << "You are underweight " << endl;
    }
    else if (BMI >= 18.5 && BMI < 25.0) {
        cout << "You are normal" << endl;
    }
    else if (BMI >= 25.0 && BMI < 30.0) {
        cout << "You are overweight" << endl;
    }
    else if (BMI >= 30.0 && BMI < 35) {
        cout << "You are obese" << endl;
    }
    else {
        cout << "You are gravely overweight" << endl;
    }
}

带开关

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


int main()
{
    double height, weight, heightMeters, weightKilo;
    int BMI, q;
    const double KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.45359237;
    const double METERS_PER_INCH = 0.0245;

    cout << "Please enter your height (inches) and weight (pounds)" << endl;
    cin >> height >> weight;

    weightKilo = weight*KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND;
    heightMeters = height*METERS_PER_INCH;
    BMI = weightKilo / (heightMeters*heightMeters);

    if (BMI < 18.5) {
        q = 1;
    }
    else if (BMI >= 18.5 && BMI < 25.0) {
        q = 2;
    }
    else if (BMI >= 25.0 && BMI < 30.0) {
        q = 3;
    }
    else if (BMI >= 30.0 && BMI < 35) {
        q = 4;
    }
    else {
        q = 5;
    }

    switch (q) {
        case 1: cout << "You are underweight" << endl; break;
        case 2: cout << "You are a normal weight " << endl; break;
        case 3: cout << "You are overweight" << endl; break;
        case 4: cout << "You are obese" << endl; break;
        case 5: cout << "You are gravely overweight" << endl; break;
    }
}

这是我想到的方式，包括一个 switch 语句。有没有办法将第一个代码块实现为一个 switch 语句？

我几乎可以肯定，既不能使用范围也不能使用 double (18.5)。我给我的老师发了电子邮件，他们给了我一个大致的答案

It may not make sense to you, but sometimes you are going to have to write a program that does not make sense. I am not saying that you don't have legitimate questions, but if anyone can figure it out you can. But then, maybe it can't be figured out. That's the challenge".

所以，我在问:是否有某种方法可以只对第一个代码块使用 switch 语句，或者我是否做了在代码中使用 switch 语句的最佳方法，即使它根本没有有必要吗？

最佳答案

一如既往地在 C++ 中，支持标准库算法。在这种情况下，您想要进行范围查找。这很容易通过有序的边界序列:

double const boundaries[] = { 18.5, 25, 30, 35 };

switch (upper_bound(begin(boundaries), end(boundaries), BMI) - boundaries) {
    case 0: cout << "You are underweight "       << endl; break;
    case 1: cout << "You are normal"             << endl; break;
    case 2: cout << "You are overweight"         << endl; break;
    case 3: cout << "You are obese"              << endl; break;
    case 4: cout << "You are gravely overweight" << endl; break;
};

其实我建议你

• 考虑不使用 switch(请参阅下面的 BONUS 部分)
• 把它变成一个函数而不是直接打印
• 删除使用命名空间标准(见Why is "using namespace std" considered bad practice?)

观看现场演示 on Coliru

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

const char* bmi_classification(double bmi) {
    static double const boundaries[] = { 18.5, 25, 30, 35 };

    double const* lookup = std::upper_bound(std::begin(boundaries), std::end(boundaries), bmi);
    switch (lookup - std::begin(boundaries)) {
        case 0: return "underweight";
        case 1: return "normal";
        case 2: return "overweight";
        case 3: return "obese";
        case 4: return "gravely overweight";
    }
    throw std::logic_error("bmi_classification");
}

int main() {
    for (double BMI : { 0.0, 18.4999, 18.5, 24.0, 25.0, 29.0, 30.0, 34.0, 35.0, 999999.0 }) {
        std::cout << "BMI: " << BMI << " You are " << bmi_classification(BMI) << "\n";
    }
}

打印

BMI: 0 You are underweight
BMI: 18.4999 You are underweight
BMI: 18.5 You are normal
BMI: 24 You are normal
BMI: 25 You are overweight
BMI: 29 You are overweight
BMI: 30 You are obese
BMI: 34 You are obese
BMI: 35 You are gravely overweight
BMI: 999999 You are gravely overweight

奖金

不用switch也可以更优雅:

Live On Coliru

const char* bmi_classification(double bmi) {
    constexpr int N = 5;
    static constexpr std::array<char const*, N> classifications {
        { "underweight", "normal", "overweight", "obese", "gravely overweight" }};
    static constexpr std::array<double, N-1> ubounds {
        { 18.5, 25, 30, 35 }};

    auto lookup = std::upper_bound(std::begin(ubounds), std::end(ubounds), bmi);
    return classifications.at(lookup - std::begin(ubounds));
}

关于c++ - 使用 switch 语句进行范围检查，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33037832/