当我在本地运行 maven test 时通过。但是当我在 CI 服务器上运行它时出现此错误。

Error Message
Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Unable to acquire JDBC Connection
Stacktrace
org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException: Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Unable to acquire JDBC Connection
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Unable to acquire JDBC Connection
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: 
Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
Caused by: java.net.UnknownHostException: mysql

运行本地测试时，都通过了，使用IntelliJ IDEA提供的maven测试默认设置。
由于错误提示数据库连接，所以我通过 Jenkins Audit 对数据库插件进行了检查。连接成功!

我的application.properties中的connection参数也对应这个

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/database?useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.datasource.maxActive=5

URL 中的 MySQL 是 MySQL docker 容器名称。如果用 localhost 或 docker container inspect mysql 中的私有(private) IP 更改它，错误消息是相同的，而最后两行的 Stacktrace 略有不同。

本地主机

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused (Connection refused)

专用IP

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. 
Caused by: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out

我认为不同的是URL中的主机，localhost用于本地测试。 而 Jenkins 服务器使用 Docker 桥接网络。

容器状态为:

docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS
                                          NAMES
51ea7c7864a4        mysql:5.7             "docker-entrypoint.s…"   19 hours ago        Up 19 hours         0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                             mysql
de364f7b5eaf        maven:3-jdk-8         "/usr/local/bin/mvn-…"   21 hours ago        Up 21 hours
                                          optimistic_stallman
a6545591e358        jenkinsci/blueocean   "/sbin/tini -- /usr/…"   43 hours ago        Up 43 hours         0.0.0.0:50000->50000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:2048->8080/tcp   frosty_cray

当我在 IntelliJ 中运行 JUnit 测试时，它有时会在本地环境中失败。错误日志是这样的:

Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Schema "DATABASE" not found; SQL statement:
TRUNCATE TABLE database.data_log 

我已经搜索过这个问题，据说h2数据库默认使用大写。 运行 maven test 后，如果再次在 IDE 中运行 JUnit 测试就会出现此问题。但这应该与根本原因无关。

搜索错误信息，找到一些类似的问题，但嵌套的异常不同:

Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException

SpingREST: Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; nested exception is org.hiberna

Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not open connection

Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction in spring

都是关于嵌套异常是javax.persistence.PersistenceException
但是 nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: 是我的情况。 阅读 Connect Java to a MySQL database
但是由于该插件连接正常，意味着从 Jenkins 容器到 MySQL 容器的连接很好。

总结:
1. maven本地测试通过
2. Jenkins插件连接MySQL成功
3. Jenkins运行时集成测试失败
4.本地测试环境为WIN10 64bit； Jenkins 在 Ubuntu 16.04 64 位服务器上的 docker 容器中运行，MySQL 5.7 容器连接到同一个桥接网络。

最佳答案

您应该将 docker 容器 mysql 端口绑定(bind)到 VM 中的端口。

这在下面的帖子中有很好的解释。

值得一试...
How to connect with MySQL DB running as container in docker?

关于java - 使用 Docker 桥接网络时无法在集成测试中获取 JDBC 连接，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51171289/