Python可视化Tkinter进阶-grid布局

1、grid布局

• Tkinter提供了两中布局方式
• pack只能逐行添加
• grid可以自定义布局

1.1、pack布局

1.2、grid布局

grid是python标准库提供的控件布局工具

• column ： 设置控件对象显示的列（从0开始）
• row ：设置控件对象显示的行（从0开始）
• ipadx ：设置控件对象左右内边距
• ipady : 设置控件对象上下内边距
• padx ：设置控件对象左右外边距
• pady : 设置控件对象上下外边距
• columnspan ：设置控件对象所占列数
• rowspan ： 设置控件对象所占行数
  

2、简易Base64装换工具制作

# coding:utf-8
import tkinter as tk
import base64
import tkinter.messagebox as tm


def get_encode():
    get_var = te1.get("1.0", "end")
    en_str = base64.b64encode(get_var.encode("gbk"))
    en_result = en_str.decode("gbk")
    tt1.delete("1.0", "end")
    var2.set("加密结果为:")
    tt1.insert("insert", en_result)


def get_decode():
    get_var = bytes(te1.get("1.0", "end"), encoding="gbk")
    en_str = base64.b64decode(get_var)
    en_result = en_str.decode("gbk")
    tt1.delete("1.0", "end")
    var2.set("加密结果为:")
    tt1.insert("insert", en_result)


def menuCommand():
    tm.showinfo("", "功能暂未开放")


def add_menu(name):
    main_menu.add_command(label=f"{name}", command=menuCommand)


window = tk.Tk()
width = 1100
height = 650
window_width = int((window.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2)
window_height = int((window.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2)
window.title("Base64转换工具")
window.geometry(f"{width}x{height}+{window_width}+{window_height}")
window.resizable(0, 0)
# window.iconbitmap(r"favicon.ico")

lb1 = tk.Label(window, text="欢迎使用Base64转换工具", font=("宋体", 14), width=110, height=2, relief="groove",
               anchor="center", bg="#FDF5E6")
lb2 = tk.Label(window, text="请在下面输入要加密或者解密的内容：", font=("宋体", 14), width=110, height=2, relief="groove",
               anchor="w")
te1 = tk.Text(window, width=100, height=10, bg="#FDF5E6", font=("宋体", 14, 'bold'))
bt1 = tk.Button(window, text="Base64加密", font=("宋体", 14), width=10, height=1, relief="raised",
                command=get_encode, anchor="e")
bt2 = tk.Button(window, text="Base64解密", font=("宋体", 14), width=10, height=1, relief="raised",
                command=get_decode, anchor="w")
bt3 = tk.Button(window, text="关闭", font=("宋体", 14), width=10, height=1,
                relief="raised", command=window.quit, anchor="w")
var2 = tk.StringVar()
var2.set("")
te2 = tk.Label(window, textvariable=var2, bg="#FDF5E6", font=("宋体", 14), width=110, height=2,
               relief="groove", anchor="w")
tt1 = tk.Text(window, width=100, height=10, bg="#FDF5E6", font=("宋体", 14, 'bold'))
lb3 = tk.Label(window, text="杨小朋制作出品。", bg="#FDF5E6", font=("宋体", 14), width=110, height=2,
               anchor="center")
lb4 = tk.Label(window, text="联系方式：2969868321@qq.com    ", bg="#FDF5E6", font=("宋体", 14), width=110, height=2,
               anchor="e")
lb1.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=6)
lb2.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=6)
te1.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=6)
bt1.grid(row=3, column=2, columnspan=1)
bt2.grid(row=3, column=3, columnspan=1)
bt3.grid(row=3, column=4, columnspan=1)
te2.grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan=6)
tt1.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=6)
lb3.grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=6)
lb4.grid(row=7, column=0, columnspan=6)
main_menu = tk.Menu()
add_menu("文件")
add_menu("修改")
add_menu("保存")
add_menu("撤销")
add_menu("关闭")
window.config(menu=main_menu)
window.mainloop()

效果图

3、tkinter控件的通用的常用属性

• font ：设置字体
• width：控件的宽度
• weight：控件的高度（单行文本Entry无高度属性）
• bg：控件的背景颜色
• anchor：设置控件内元素的位置【e右n上s下w左center中,其中eswn分别是（东（east）南（south）西（west）北（north）的首字母）】

值	含义
n	上中
ne	右上
e	右中
se	右下
s	下中
sw	左下
w	左中
nw	左上
center	正中（默认值）

# coding:utf-8
import tkinter as tk


window = tk.Tk()
width = 500
height = 240
window_width = (window.winfo_screenwidth()-width)//2
window_height = (window.winfo_screenheight()-height)//2
window.title("Base64转换工具")
window.geometry(f"{width}x{height}+{window_width}+{window_height}")
window.resizable(0, 0)
tk.Button(window, text="左上", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="nw").grid(row=0, column=0)
tk.Button(window, text="上中", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="n").grid(row=0, column=1)
tk.Button(window, text="右上", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="ne").grid(row=0, column=2)
tk.Button(window, text="左中", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="w").grid(row=1, column=0)
tk.Button(window, text="正中", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="center").grid(row=1, column=1)
tk.Button(window, text="右中", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="e").grid(row=1, column=2)
tk.Button(window, text="左下", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="s").grid(row=2, column=1)
tk.Button(window, text="下中", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="sw").grid(row=2, column=0)
tk.Button(window, text="右下", font=("宋体", 14), width=15, height=3, relief="solid", anchor="se").grid(row=2, column=2)
window.mainloop()

• relief 控件的边框样式

值	含义
flat	无边框
groove	凹槽
raised	凸起(默认值)
ridge	隆起
solid	实现
sunken	凹陷