我需要一些帮助来完成我对正则表达式的想法。

介绍

有一个 question about better syntax对于 SE 上的正则表达式，但我认为我不会使用流畅的语法。
这对新手来说肯定很好，但在复杂的正则表达式的情况下，
你用一整页稍微好一点的胡言乱语替换一行胡言乱语。
我喜欢 approach by Martin Fowler ，其中正则表达式由较小的部分组成。
他的解决方案是可读的，但是是手工制作的；他提出了一种聪明的方法来构建一个复杂的正则表达式，而不是一个支持它的类。

我正在尝试使用类似的方法(首先参见他的示例)使其成为一个类

final MyPattern pattern = MyPattern.builder()
.caseInsensitive()
.define("numberOfPoints", "\\d+")
.define("numberOfNights", "\\d+")
.define("hotelName", ".*")
.define(' ', "\\s+")
.build("score `numberOfPoints` for `numberOfNights` nights? at `hotelName`");

MyMatcher m = pattern.matcher("Score 400 FOR 2 nights at Minas Tirith Airport");
System.out.println(m.group("numberOfPoints")); // prints 400

.define(' ', "\\s")            // a blank character
.define('~', "/\**[^*]+\*/")   // an inline comment (simplified)
.define("something", "[ ~\\d]")

final MyPattern pattern = MyPattern.builder()
.define(" ", "") // ignore spaces
.useForBackslash('#') // (1): see (2)
.define("address",         "`mailbox` | `group`")
.define("WSP",             "[\u0020\u0009]")
.define("DQUOTE",          "\"")
.define("CRLF",            "\r\n")
.define("DIGIT",           "[0-9]")
.define("ALPHA",           "[A-Za-z]")
.define("NO_WS_CTL",       "[\u0001-\u0008\u000b\u000c\u000e-\u001f\u007f]") // No whitespace control
...
.define("domain_literal",  "`CFWS`? #[ (?: `FWS`? `dcontent`)* `FWS`? #] `CFWS1?") // (2): see (1)
...
.define("group",           "`display_name` : (?:`mailbox_list` | `CFWS`)? ; `CFWS`?")
.define("angle_addr",      "`CFWS`? < `addr_spec` `CFWS`?")
.define("name_addr",       "`display_name`? `angle_addr`")
.define("mailbox",         "`name_addr` | `addr_spec`")
.define("address",         "`mailbox` | `group`")
.build("`address`");

最佳答案

命名捕获示例

Can you think of some examples where the named pattern are very useful or not useful at all?

   (?x)              # allow whitespace and comments

   (?&address)       # this is the capture we call as a "regex subroutine"

   # the rest is all definitions, in a nicely BNF-style
   (?(DEFINE)

     (?<address>         (?&mailbox) | (?&group))
     (?<mailbox>         (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec))
     (?<name_addr>       (?&display_name)? (?&angle_addr))
     (?<angle_addr>      (?&CFWS)? < (?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?)
     (?<group>           (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ; (?&CFWS)?)
     (?<display_name>    (?&phrase))
     (?<mailbox_list>    (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*)

     (?<addr_spec>       (?&local_part) \@ (?&domain))
     (?<local_part>      (?&dot_atom) | (?&quoted_string))
     (?<domain>          (?&dot_atom) | (?&domain_literal))
     (?<domain_literal>  (?&CFWS)? \[ (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)?
                                   \] (?&CFWS)?)
     (?<dcontent>        (?&dtext) | (?&quoted_pair))
     (?<dtext>           (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [\x21-\x5a\x5e-\x7e])

     (?<atext>           (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#\$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~])
     (?<atom>            (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?)
     (?<dot_atom>        (?&CFWS)? (?&dot_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?)
     (?<dot_atom_text>   (?&atext)+ (?: \. (?&atext)+)*)

     (?<text>            [\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])
     (?<quoted_pair>     \\ (?&text))

     (?<qtext>           (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7e])
     (?<qcontent>        (?&qtext) | (?&quoted_pair))
     (?<quoted_string>   (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))*
                          (?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?)

     (?<word>            (?&atom) | (?&quoted_string))
     (?<phrase>          (?&word)+)

     # Folding white space
     (?<FWS>             (?: (?&WSP)* (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+)
     (?<ctext>           (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [\x21-\x27\x2a-\x5b\x5d-\x7e])
     (?<ccontent>        (?&ctext) | (?&quoted_pair) | (?&comment))
     (?<comment>         \( (?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))* (?&FWS)? \) )
     (?<CFWS>            (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))*
                         (?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS)))

     # No whitespace control
     (?<NO_WS_CTL>       [\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x7f])

     (?<ALPHA>           [A-Za-z])
     (?<DIGIT>           [0-9])
     (?<CRLF>            \x0d \x0a)
     (?<DQUOTE>          ")
     (?<WSP>             [\x20\x09])
   )

关于java - 更好的正则表达式语法想法，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4914774/