一言以蔽之

当使用 concurrent.futures 并行化我的代码时，我得到了一个 BrokenProcessPool 异常。不会显示更多错误。我想找到错误的原因并询问如何做到这一点的想法。

完整问题

我正在使用 concurrent.futures并行化一些代码。

with ProcessPoolExecutor() as pool:
    mapObj = pool.map(myMethod, args)

我以(且仅以)以下异常结束:

concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool: A child process terminated abruptly, the process pool is not usable anymore

遗憾的是，程序比较复杂，运行30分钟后才出现错误。因此，我无法提供一个很好的最小示例。

为了找出问题的原因，我包装了与 try-except-block 并行运行的方法:

def myMethod(*args):
    try:
        ...
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

问题仍然存在，从未输入过 except block 。我得出结论，异常不是来 self 的代码。

我的下一步是编写一个自定义 ProcessPoolExecutor 类，它是原始 ProcessPoolExecutor 的子类，并允许我用自定义方法替换一些方法。我复制并粘贴了方法 _process_worker 的原始代码，并添加了一些打印语句。

def _process_worker(call_queue, result_queue):
    """Evaluates calls from call_queue and places the results in result_queue.
        ...
    """
    while True:
        call_item = call_queue.get(block=True)
        if call_item is None:
            # Wake up queue management thread
            result_queue.put(os.getpid())
            return
        try:
            r = call_item.fn(*call_item.args, **call_item.kwargs)
        except BaseException as e:
                print("??? Exception ???")                 # newly added
                print(e)                                   # newly added
            exc = _ExceptionWithTraceback(e, e.__traceback__)
            result_queue.put(_ResultItem(call_item.work_id, exception=exc))
        else:
            result_queue.put(_ResultItem(call_item.work_id,
                                         result=r))

同样，永远不会进入except block 。这是意料之中的，因为我已经确保我的代码不会引发异常(如果一切正常，应该将异常传递给主进程)。

现在我不知道如何找到错误。此处引发异常:

def submit(self, fn, *args, **kwargs):
    with self._shutdown_lock:
        if self._broken:
            raise BrokenProcessPool('A child process terminated '
                'abruptly, the process pool is not usable anymore')
        if self._shutdown_thread:
            raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after shutdown')

        f = _base.Future()
        w = _WorkItem(f, fn, args, kwargs)

        self._pending_work_items[self._queue_count] = w
        self._work_ids.put(self._queue_count)
        self._queue_count += 1
        # Wake up queue management thread
        self._result_queue.put(None)

        self._start_queue_management_thread()
        return f

这里设置进程池被打断:

def _queue_management_worker(executor_reference,
                             processes,
                             pending_work_items,
                             work_ids_queue,
                             call_queue,
                             result_queue):
    """Manages the communication between this process and the worker processes.
        ...
    """
    executor = None

    def shutting_down():
        return _shutdown or executor is None or executor._shutdown_thread

    def shutdown_worker():
        ...

    reader = result_queue._reader

    while True:
        _add_call_item_to_queue(pending_work_items,
                                work_ids_queue,
                                call_queue)

        sentinels = [p.sentinel for p in processes.values()]
        assert sentinels
        ready = wait([reader] + sentinels)
        if reader in ready:
            result_item = reader.recv()
        else:                               #THIS BLOCK IS ENTERED WHEN THE ERROR OCCURS
            # Mark the process pool broken so that submits fail right now.
            executor = executor_reference()
            if executor is not None:
                executor._broken = True
                executor._shutdown_thread = True
                executor = None
            # All futures in flight must be marked failed
            for work_id, work_item in pending_work_items.items():
                work_item.future.set_exception(
                    BrokenProcessPool(
                        "A process in the process pool was "
                        "terminated abruptly while the future was "
                        "running or pending."
                    ))
                # Delete references to object. See issue16284
                del work_item
            pending_work_items.clear()
            # Terminate remaining workers forcibly: the queues or their
            # locks may be in a dirty state and block forever.
            for p in processes.values():
                p.terminate()
            shutdown_worker()
            return
        ...

进程终止是(或似乎是)事实，但我不知道为什么。到目前为止我的想法是否正确？ 导致进程在没有消息的情况下终止的可能原因是什么？ (这甚至可能吗？)我可以在哪里应用进一步的诊断？为了更接近解决方案，我应该问自己哪些问题？

我在 64 位 Linux 上使用 python 3.5。

最佳答案

我想我能走得尽可能远:

我在更改后的 ProcessPoolExecutor 模块中更改了 _queue_management_worker 方法，以便打印失败进程的退出代码:

def _queue_management_worker(executor_reference,
                             processes,
                             pending_work_items,
                             work_ids_queue,
                             call_queue,
                             result_queue):
    """Manages the communication between this process and the worker processes.
        ...
    """
    executor = None

    def shutting_down():
        return _shutdown or executor is None or executor._shutdown_thread

    def shutdown_worker():
        ...

    reader = result_queue._reader

    while True:
        _add_call_item_to_queue(pending_work_items,
                                work_ids_queue,
                                call_queue)

        sentinels = [p.sentinel for p in processes.values()]
        assert sentinels
        ready = wait([reader] + sentinels)
        if reader in ready:
            result_item = reader.recv()
        else:                               

            # BLOCK INSERTED FOR DIAGNOSIS ONLY ---------
            vals = list(processes.values())
            for s in ready:
                j = sentinels.index(s)
                print("is_alive()", vals[j].is_alive())
                print("exitcode", vals[j].exitcode)
            # -------------------------------------------


            # Mark the process pool broken so that submits fail right now.
            executor = executor_reference()
            if executor is not None:
                executor._broken = True
                executor._shutdown_thread = True
                executor = None
            # All futures in flight must be marked failed
            for work_id, work_item in pending_work_items.items():
                work_item.future.set_exception(
                    BrokenProcessPool(
                        "A process in the process pool was "
                        "terminated abruptly while the future was "
                        "running or pending."
                    ))
                # Delete references to object. See issue16284
                del work_item
            pending_work_items.clear()
            # Terminate remaining workers forcibly: the queues or their
            # locks may be in a dirty state and block forever.
            for p in processes.values():
                p.terminate()
            shutdown_worker()
            return
        ...

后来查了一下exit code的意思:

from multiprocessing.process import _exitcode_to_name
print(_exitcode_to_name[my_exit_code])

其中 my_exit_code 是打印在我插入到 _queue_management_worker 的 block 中的退出代码。在我的例子中，代码是 -11，这意味着我遇到了段错误。找到这个问题的原因将是一项艰巨的任务，但超出了这个问题的范围。

关于python - 在 python 的 concurrent.futures 中查找 BrokenProcessPool 的原因，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41454049/