我确实有很多 XML 文件要导入到表 xml_data 中:

create table xml_data(result xml);

为此，我有一个带循环的简单 bash 脚本:

#!/bin/sh
FILES=/folder/with/xml/files/*.xml
for f in $FILES
do
  psql psql -d mydb -h myhost -U usr -c \'\copy xml_data from $f \'
done

然而，这将尝试将每个文件的每一行导入为单独的行。这会导致错误:

ERROR:  invalid XML content
CONTEXT:  COPY address_results, line 1, column result: "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>"

我明白为什么它会失败，但无法弄清楚如何使 \copy 将整个文件一次导入到一行中。

最佳答案

死灵法术: 对于那些需要工作示例的人:

DO $$
   DECLARE myxml xml;
BEGIN

myxml := XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('MyData.xml'), 'UTF8'));

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mytable;
CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS 

SELECT 
     (xpath('//ID/text()', x))[1]::text AS id
    ,(xpath('//Name/text()', x))[1]::text AS Name 
    ,(xpath('//RFC/text()', x))[1]::text AS RFC
    ,(xpath('//Text/text()', x))[1]::text AS Text
    ,(xpath('//Desc/text()', x))[1]::text AS Desc
FROM unnest(xpath('//record', myxml)) x
;

END$$;


SELECT * FROM mytable;

或噪音较小

SELECT 
     (xpath('//ID/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS id
    ,(xpath('//Name/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS Name 
    ,(xpath('//RFC/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS RFC
    ,(xpath('//Text/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS Text
    ,(xpath('//Desc/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS Desc
    ,myTempTable.myXmlColumn as myXmlElement
FROM unnest(
    xpath
    (    '//record'
        ,XMLPARSE(DOCUMENT convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('MyData.xml'), 'UTF8'))
    )
) AS myTempTable(myXmlColumn)
;

使用此示例 XML 文件 (MyData.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<data-set>
    <record>
        <ID>1</ID>
        <Name>A</Name>
        <RFC>RFC 1035[1]</RFC>
        <Text>Address record</Text>
        <Desc>Returns a 32-bit IPv4 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host, but it is also used for DNSBLs, storing subnet masks in RFC 1101, etc.</Desc>
    </record>
    <record>
        <ID>2</ID>
        <Name>NS</Name>
        <RFC>RFC 1035[1]</RFC>
        <Text>Name server record</Text>
        <Desc>Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers</Desc>
    </record>
</data-set>

注:
MyData.xml 需要位于 PG_Data 目录(pg_stat 目录的父目录)中。
例如/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main/MyData.xml
这需要 PostGreSQL 9.1+

总的来说，你可以像这样实现它的无文件化:

SELECT 
     (xpath('//ID/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS id
    ,(xpath('//Name/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS Name 
    ,(xpath('//RFC/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS RFC
    ,(xpath('//Text/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS Text
    ,(xpath('//Desc/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS Desc
    ,myTempTable.myXmlColumn as myXmlElement 
    -- Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types
FROM unnest(xpath('//record', 
 CAST('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<data-set>
    <record>
        <ID>1</ID>
        <Name>A</Name>
        <RFC>RFC 1035[1]</RFC>
        <Text>Address record</Text>
        <Desc>Returns a 32-bit IPv4 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host, but it is also used for DNSBLs, storing subnet masks in RFC 1101, etc.</Desc>
    </record>
    <record>
        <ID>2</ID>
        <Name>NS</Name>
        <RFC>RFC 1035[1]</RFC>
        <Text>Name server record</Text>
        <Desc>Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers</Desc>
    </record>
</data-set>
' AS xml)   
)) AS myTempTable(myXmlColumn)
;

请注意，与 MS-SQL 不同，xpath text() 在 NULL 值上返回 NULL，而不是空字符串。
如果出于某种原因需要显式检查 NULL 是否存在，可以使用 [not(@xsi:nil="true")] ，您需要将命名空间数组传递给它，否则会出现错误(但是，您可以省略除 xsi 之外的所有命名空间)。

SELECT 
     (xpath('//xmlEncodeTest[1]/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS c1

    ,(
    xpath('//xmlEncodeTest[1][not(@xsi:nil="true")]/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn
    ,
    ARRAY[
        -- ARRAY['xmlns','http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'], -- defaultns
        ARRAY['xsi','http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'],
        ARRAY['xsd','http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema'],        
        ARRAY['svg','http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'],
        ARRAY['xsl','http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform']
    ]
    )
    )[1]::text AS c22


    ,(xpath('//nixda[1]/text()', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS c2 
    --,myTempTable.myXmlColumn as myXmlElement
    ,xmlexists('//xmlEncodeTest[1]' PASSING BY REF myTempTable.myXmlColumn) AS c1e
    ,xmlexists('//nixda[1]' PASSING BY REF myTempTable.myXmlColumn) AS c2e
    ,xmlexists('//xmlEncodeTestAbc[1]' PASSING BY REF myTempTable.myXmlColumn) AS c1ea
FROM unnest(xpath('//row', 
     CAST('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <table xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
      <row>
        <xmlEncodeTest xsi:nil="true" />
        <nixda>noob</nixda>
      </row>
    </table>
    ' AS xml)   
    )
) AS myTempTable(myXmlColumn)
;

您还可以检查一个字段是否包含在 XML 文本中，方法是

 ,xmlexists('//xmlEncodeTest[1]' PASSING BY REF myTempTable.myXmlColumn) AS c1e

例如，当您将 XML 值传递给 CRUD 的存储过程/函数时。 (见上文)

另请注意，在 XML 中传递空值的正确方法是 <elementName xsi:nil="true" />而不是 <elementName />或无。没有在属性中传递 NULL 的正确方法(您只能省略属性，但在大型数据集中推断列数及其名称会变得困难/缓慢)。

例如

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<table>
    <row column1="a" column2="3" />
    <row column1="b" column2="4" column3="true" />
</table>

(更紧凑，但如果您需要导入它就非常糟糕，特别是如果来自具有数 GB 数据的 XML 文件 - 请参阅 stackoverflow 数据转储中的一个很好的示例)

SELECT 
     myTempTable.myXmlColumn
    ,(xpath('//@column1', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS c1
    ,(xpath('//@column2', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS c2
    ,(xpath('//@column3', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text AS c3
    ,xmlexists('//@column3' PASSING BY REF myTempTable.myXmlColumn) AS c3e
    ,case when (xpath('//@column3', myTempTable.myXmlColumn))[1]::text is null then 1 else 0 end AS is_null 
FROM unnest(xpath('//row', '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<table>
    <row column1="a" column2="3" />
    <row column1="b" column2="4" column3="true" />
</table>'
))  AS myTempTable(myXmlColumn) 

关于xml - 将 XML 文件导入 PostgreSQL，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19007884/