我有一个使用 hibernate (v3.6.4) 的应用程序，连接池由 C3P0 (v0.9.1.2) 提供。
问题是，如果应用程序进程(以及 C3P0 池)的运行时间超过 MySQL wait_timeout 值，我会在进行数据库查询时遇到 JDBC 通信链接故障。我将/etc/mysql/my.cnf 中的 wait_timeout 的值设置为 600 秒以测试此问题:
2013-01-27 20:08:00,088 ERROR [Thread-0] (JDBCExceptionReporter.java:234) - Communications link failure
The last packet successfully received from the server was 665,943 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 6 milliseconds ago.
org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: could not execute query
at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:99)
at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2536)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.listIgnoreQueryCache(Loader.java:2276)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.list(Loader.java:2271)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaLoader.list(CriteriaLoader.java:119)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.list(SessionImpl.java:1716)
at org.hibernate.impl.CriteriaImpl.list(CriteriaImpl.java:347)
.....
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure
The last packet successfully received from the server was 665,943 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 6 milliseconds ago.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1116)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:3102)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:2991)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3532)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2002)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2163)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2624)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2127)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeQuery(PreparedStatement.java:2293)
at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyPreparedStatement.executeQuery(NewProxyPreparedStatement.java:76)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.getResultSet(AbstractBatcher.java:208)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.getResultSet(Loader.java:1953)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQuery(Loader.java:802)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(Loader.java:274)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2533)
... 9 more
Caused by: java.io.EOFException: Can not read response from server. Expected to read 4 bytes, read 0 bytes before connection was unexpectedly lost.
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readFully(MysqlIO.java:2552)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:3002)
... 22 more
2013-01-27 20:19:00,179 WARN [Thread-0] (NewPooledConnection.java:487) - [c3p0] Another error has occurred [ com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,326,037 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 660,100 milliseconds ago. is longer than the server configured value of 'wait_timeout'. You should consider either expiring and/or testing connection validity before use in your application, increasing the server configured values for client timeouts, or using the Connector/J connection property 'autoReconnect=true' to avoid this problem. ] which will not be reported to listeners!
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,326,037 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 660,100 milliseconds ago. is longer than the server configured value of 'wait_timeout'. You should consider either expiring and/or testing connection validity before use in your application, increasing the server configured values for client timeouts, or using the Connector/J connection property 'autoReconnect=true' to avoid this problem.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1116)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.send(MysqlIO.java:3364)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1983)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2163)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2624)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2127)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeQuery(PreparedStatement.java:2293)
at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyPreparedStatement.executeQuery(NewProxyPreparedStatement.java:76)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.getResultSet(AbstractBatcher.java:208)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.getResultSet(Loader.java:1953)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQuery(Loader.java:802)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(Loader.java:274)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2533)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.listIgnoreQueryCache(Loader.java:2276)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.list(Loader.java:2271)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaLoader.list(CriteriaLoader.java:119)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.list(SessionImpl.java:1716)
at org.hibernate.impl.CriteriaImpl.list(CriteriaImpl.java:347)
....
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Broken pipe
at java.net.SocketOutputStream.socketWrite0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketOutputStream.socketWrite(Unknown Source)
at java.net.SocketOutputStream.write(Unknown Source)
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(Unknown Source)
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(Unknown Source)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.send(MysqlIO.java:3345)
... 20 more
这看起来是一个常见问题，所以为了解决这个问题，我在检查了 hibernate/c3p0 文档并回答了 Stack Overflow 上已经提出的问题后，尝试调整这些 hibernate/c3p0 属性:
相关 hibernate 属性:
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gsui?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.autoReconnect">true</property>
<!-- C3p0 Performance Improvements -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">1</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">300</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.maxConnectionAge">3600</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">120</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">300</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">1</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.preferredTestQuery">select 1;</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.useUnicode">
true
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding">
UTF-8
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.charSet">
UTF-8
</property>
我还在我维护的 c3p0 属性文件中将 c3p0.testConnectionOnCheckout 设置为 true :
c3p0.testConnectionOnCheckout=true
在日志中，C3P0 池初始化正常并显示以下消息:
2013-01-27 19:45:04,607 INFO [main] (ConnectionProviderFactory.java:173) - Initializing connection provider: org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
2013-01-27 19:45:04,609 INFO [main] (C3P0ConnectionProvider.java:103) - C3P0 using driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gsui?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
2013-01-27 19:45:04,610 INFO [main] (C3P0ConnectionProvider.java:104) - Connection properties: {useUnicode=true, autoReconnect=true, user=root, password=****, shutdown=true, characterEncoding=UTF-8, charSet=UTF-8}
2013-01-27 19:45:04,610 INFO [main] (C3P0ConnectionProvider.java:107) - autocommit mode: false
2013-01-27 19:45:04,629 INFO [main] (MLog.java:80) - MLog clients using log4j logging.
2013-01-27 19:45:04,757 INFO [main] (C3P0Registry.java:204) - Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.2 [built 21-May-2007 15:04:56; debug? true; trace: 10]
2013-01-27 19:45:04,842 INFO [main] (C3P0ConnectionProvider.java:194) - JDBC isolation level: READ_COMMITTED
2013-01-27 19:45:04,871 INFO [main] (AbstractPoolBackedDataSource.java:462) - Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.PoolBackedDataSource@9f4a7137 [ connectionPoolDataSource -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource@71b9e1e9 [ acquireIncrement -> 1, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> z8kfsx8sz4pted1s4b69w|51f726b9, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 300, initialPoolSize -> 1, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 3600, maxIdleTime -> 120, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 300, maxStatements -> 100, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 1, nestedDataSource -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource@58f45048 [ description -> null, driverClass -> null, factoryClassLocation -> null, identityToken -> z8kfsx8sz4pted1s4b69w|454b7177, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gsui?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true, properties -> {useUnicode=true, autoReconnect=true, user=******, password=******, shutdown=true, characterEncoding=UTF-8, charSet=UTF-8} ], preferredTestQuery -> select 1;, propertyCycle -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> true, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false; userOverrides: {} ], dataSourceName -> null, factoryClassLocation -> null, identityToken -> z8kfsx8sz4pted1s4b69w|71ffd9f1, numHelperThreads -> 3 ]
从上面的日志中，可以发现C3P0中的testConnectionOnCheckout=true和autoReconnect=true。有人可以帮我弄清楚为什么 C3P0 仍然会检查超时连接吗？谢谢。
最佳答案
当我们使用 JPA 和 C3P0 连接池将 hibernate 升级到 4.3.x 时，我们开始遇到相同的“通信链接”问题。
这似乎是一个连接池问题，因为尽管我的 C3P0 设置，连接保持的时间比数据库wait_timeout(这是默认的 8 小时)更长。但是，我通过更改 persistence.xml 中的 hibernate 配置解决了这个问题:
<property name="hibernate.connection.release_mode" value="after_transaction" />
似乎 hibernate 中的默认行为更改为在事务后不释放连接，因此如果您使用池，则必须明确设置此模式。
关于java - 即使在设置 c3p0.testConnectionOnCheckout=true 后，与 MySQL 的数据库连接也会超时，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14554353/
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