我正在尝试序列化我的数据结构，以便将它们写入 tcp 套接字。

到目前为止我发现我的问题是序列化。我什至尝试使用

BOOST_SERIALIZATION_ASSUME_ABSTRACT(T)

但我找不到任何与我的程序相似的工作示例以及如何正确实现它。

以下是我访问过的一些链接:

• http://programmers-blog.com/category/c-c
• http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/libs/serialization/doc/tutorial.html#simplecase
• http://en.highscore.de/cpp/boost/serialization.html#serialization_class_hierarchies

我的数据结构比这个复杂一点，但我们假设我有以下结构

坐标.h

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>

class Coordinate {
public:
    Coordinate() {}
    Coordinate(int c) : c(c) {}
    int get(void) { return c; }
    std::string toString(void);
private:
    int c;
    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<typename Archive>
    void serialize(Archive &ar, const unsigned int version) {
        ar & this->c;
    }
};

移动.h

class Coordinate;

#include "Coordinate.h"

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>

class Move {
public:
    Move() {}
    ~Move() {}
    Coordinate* getCoordinate(void) {return this->destination; }
    virtual bool isJump(void) = 0;
protected:
    Coordinate *destination;
private:
    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<typename Archive>
    void serialize(Archive &ar, const unsigned int version) {
        ar & this->destination;
    }
};

移动法线.h

class Coordinate;

#include "Move.h"
#include "Coordinate.h"

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>

class MoveNormal : public Move {
public:
    MoveNormal() {}
    MoveNormal(Coordinate *destination) { this->destination = destination; }
    ~MoveNormal() {}
    virtual bool isJump(void);
private:
    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<typename Archive>
    void serialize(Archive &ar, const unsigned int version) {
        ar & boost::serialization::base_object<Move>(*this);
    }
};

虚方法在这里定义。

移动法线.cpp

#include "MoveNormal.h"

bool MoveNormal::isJump(void) {
    return false;
}

我的 main.cpp 看起来像这样:

#include "Coordinate.h"
#include "Move.h"
#include "MoveNormal.h"

#include <fstream>

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    Coordinate *c = new Coordinate(10);
    // This runs OK
    /*
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("f.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << c;
    }
    Coordinate *d;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("f.txt");
        boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
        ia >> d;
    }
    std::cout << "c.get(): " << c->get() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "d.get(): " << d->get() << std::endl;
    */

    // This is where I get my error
    Move *m  = new MoveNormal(c);
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("f.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << m;    // Line where the error occurs
    }
    return 0;
}

但是当我运行该程序时，出现以下错误:

Unhandled exception at 0x76dbb9bc in Test.exe: Microsoft C++ exception: boost::archive::archive_exception at memory location 0x001df078..

我正在使用 VS2010 和 Boost 1.48.0。

最佳答案

这有点奇怪，但我要回答我自己的问题。我只是想出了如何使上面的示例起作用。

这就是解决方案。每次我们需要序列化一个从另一个类继承属性的类时，我们需要使用宏:

BOOST_CLASS_EXPORT(T)

根据boost serialization doc

BOOST_CLASS_EXPORT in the same source module that includes any of the archive class headers will instantiate code required to serialize polymorphic pointers of the indicated type to the all those archive classes. If no archive class headers are included, then no code will be instantiated.

Note that the implemenation of this functionality requires that the BOOST_CLASS_EXPORT macro appear after and the inclusion of any archive class headers for which code is to be instantiated.

所以在我的例子中，我的 main.cpp 文件现在是:

#include <fstream>

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\serialization\export.hpp>

#include "Coordinate.h"
#include "Move.h"
#include "MoveNormal.h"
BOOST_CLASS_EXPORT(MoveNormal)

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    Coordinate *c = new Coordinate(150);
    Move *m = new MoveNormal(c);
    std::cout << "m.getDestination().get(): " << m->getDestination()->get() << std::endl;
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("f.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << m;
    }

    Move *n;
    {
        std::ifstream ifs("f.txt");
        boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs);
        ia >> n;
    }
    std::cout << "n.getDestination().get(): " << n->getDestination()->get() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

只需确保在使用导出宏之前包含所有需要的提升文件。

除了序列化之外，为了完成我的项目，我需要使用 boost::asio 将它们写入 tcp 套接字。

所以让我们假设我有一个像 this one 这样的连接 header 现在我在 MoveJump.h 中定义了另一个名为 MoveJump 的类

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>

#include "Coordinate.h"
#include "Move.h"

class MoveJump : public Move {
public:
    MoveJump() {}
    MoveJump(Coordinate *c) { this->destinatio = c; }
    ~MoveJump() {}
    virtual bool isJump(void);
private:
    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<typename Archive>
    void serializize(Archive &ar, const unsigned int version) {
        ar & boost::serialization::base_object<Move>(*this);
    }
};

现在要序列化这些结构，我的主要结构看起来像这样

#include <boost\archive\text_iarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\archive\text_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost\serialization\export.hpp>

#include <fstream>

#include "Coordinate.h"
#include "Move.h"
// And now we register all the possible Moves
#include "MoveNormal.h"
BOOST_CLASS_EXPORT(MoveNormal)
#include "MoveJump.h"
BOOST_CLASS_EXPORT(MoveJump)

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    Coordinate *c = new Coordinate(10);
    Move *m = new MoveNormal(c);
    Coordinate *d = new Coordinate(15);
    Move *j = new MoveJump(d);
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("m.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << m;
    }
    {
        std::ofstream ofs("j.txt");
        boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs);
        oa << j;
    }
}

诀窍是在我们有指向基类的指针时注册将被序列化的类。

如果在我的 Move.h 中我有更多指向其他基类的指针，我在我的项目中这样做，我们需要在主要文件中包含所有 header 并注册所有可能扩展基类的类。

我希望这对以后可能遇到类似问题的人有所帮助。

随时提出新的可能解决方案。

谢谢

关于c++ - 使用 boost 序列化抽象类时出错，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8370727/