我在我的 Windows 8.1 机器上安装了 MinGW，我正在使用它来开发可以移植到 Unix/Linux 系统的 C++ 代码，以代替能够双启动 Ubuntu 或类似系统。

我有一个应该用于构建项目的通用 makefile，但由于某种原因，Windows 上的 find 命令无法找到项目的源文件。我收到此错误:

File not found - *.cpp
Makefile:32: *** mixed implicit and normal rules.  Stop.

这是我使用的 makefile(我改编自 this 博客，以及博客中的基本项目结构:

CC := g++ # This is the main compiler
# CC := clang --analyze # and comment out the linker last line for sanity
SRCDIR := src           # Directory for source code
BUILDDIR := build       # Directory containing all object files, which are removed on "make clean"
TARGET := bin/runner    # bin/runner contains the main executable for project
                    # bin/ contains all other executables in the project (such as tests)

SRCEXT := cpp           # File extension of source code

# Look for all the source files in SRCDIR with the file extension specified above
SOURCES := $(shell find $(SRCDIR) -type f -name *.$(SRCEXT))

# Name all object files the same root name as the source files from which they came, but add a .o extension to the end
OBJECTS := $(patsubst $(SRCDIR)/%,$(BUILDDIR)/%,$(SOURCES:.$(SRCEXT)=.o))

# The -g flag specifies that debugging information should be produced in the native format of the OS
CFLAGS := -g # -Wall

# Various flags for libraries that might need to be linked
LIB := -pthread -lmongoclient -L lib -lboost_thread-mt -lboost_filesystem-mt -lboost_system-mt

# Ensures that all header files (in the include/ folder) are accessible for build
INC := -I include

# Show the components that are currently being compiled/linked
# Also, this is the main procedure for make: The TARGET is built from the objects, and
# object files are built from source
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
    @echo " Linking..."
    @echo " $(CC) $^ -o $(TARGET) $(LIB)"; $(CC) $^ -o $(TARGET) $(LIB)

$(BUILDDIR)/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/%.$(SRCEXT)
    @mkdir -p $(BUILDDIR)
    @echo " $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<"; $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<

# Directives for "make clean" which cleans all object files out of the build/ folder
clean:
    @echo " Cleaning..."; 
    @echo " $(RM) -r $(BUILDDIR) $(TARGET)"; $(RM) -r $(BUILDDIR) $(TARGET)

# Tests
# tester:
    # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) test/tester.cpp $(INC) $(LIB) -o bin/tester

# Spikes
# ticket:
    # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) spikes/ticket.cpp $(INC) $(LIB) -o bin/ticket

# Destroys everything in the build/ and bin/runner/ folders. Does not clean test executables.
.PHONY: clean

如果我在我的项目的根目录中打开一个增强的控制台，并运行 find src/-name '*.cpp'，我会得到与上面相同的错误。从根目录运行 dir Windows 命令也找不到 cpp 文件。但是，当从src 目录运行时，dir 可以找到我所有的源文件，而find 不能。这是有原因的吗？

最佳答案

Windows 上的 find 命令与 Unix 上的 find find 命令完全不同。它执行的功能更像 Unix 上的 grep。您的 makefile 通常假设有许多 Unix 实用程序，因此不能在 Windows 上运行，或者至少不能运行，除非您使用提供它期望的所有 Unix 命令的东西。您可以使用 Cygwin 或 MSYS，后者是前者的精简版。 Cygwin 默认创建 Cygwin 应用程序，而 MSYS 默认创建“ native ”Windows 应用程序。

也可以重写 makefile 以使用 Windows 命令。像这样的东西:

# Look for all the source files in SRCDIR with the file extension specified above
SOURCES := $(shell dir /b /s $(SRCDIR)\*.$(SRCEXT))

...

$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
        @echo Linking...
        $(CC) $^ -o $(TARGET) $(LIB)

$(BUILDDIR)/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/%.$(SRCEXT)
        -mkdir $(BUILDDIR)
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<

# Directives for "make clean" which cleans all object files out of the build/ folder
clean:
        @echo Cleaning...; 
        -rmdir /s /q $(BUILDDIR) 
        -del $(TARGET)

使用 dir/b/s 的替代方法是简单地列出源文件。通常，这比动态生成列表更好。

关于c++ - MinGW 在 Windows 上制作，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26110353/