【树莓派不吃灰】基础篇⑲ 搭建usb摄像头MJPG-streamer图片流监控，支持远程视频监控访问

单片机菜鸟爱学习 2023-04-29 原文

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1. 前言

家里刚好有一个闲置好几年的usb摄像头，想着如何把它也接入到树莓派中来，直接开整。

2. 识别摄像头

usb摄像头插入树莓派usb插口，输入命令：

lsusb

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 13d3:784b IMC Networks XHC Camera
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Microchip Technology, Inc. (formerly SMSC) SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Microchip Technology, Inc. (formerly SMSC) SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

识别到了 IMC Networks XHC Camera 摄像头。

3. MJPG-streamer方案

github地址：https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer

简单地说，MJPG-Streamer 是一个 JPEG 文件的传输流。它最常用的用途就是采集摄像头的数据，然后启动 http server，用户就可以通过浏览器查看图像数据了（多个连续图片不断展示就人眼上感觉就是视频）。

3.1 什么是 MJPG？

Motion JPEG，简称 MJPG。JPEG是静态图片的编码格式。
MJPG 是动态的视频编码格式，可以简单地理解：MJPG 就是把多个 JPEG 图片连续显示出来。

仔细一想，跟ESP32-CAM的视频图片流设计思路不谋而合。

3.2 MJPG 的优点？

很多摄像头本身就支持 JPEG、MJPG，所以处理器不需要做太多处理。一般的低性能处理器就可以传输 MJPG 视频流。

3.2 MJPG 的缺点？

MJPG 只是多个 JPEG 图片的组合，它不考虑前后两帧数据的变化，总是传输一帧完整的图像，传输带宽要求高。

H264 等真正的视频格式，会考虑前后两帧数据的变化，只传输变化的数据，传输带宽要求低。

其次，MJPG-Streamer已经多年不更新了。

4. 搭建usb摄像头监控

4.1 开启树莓派摄像头开关

输入命令

sudo raspi-config

4.2 查看设备文件

输入命令

ls /dev/video*

pi@raspberrypi:/ $  ls /dev/video*              
/dev/video0   /dev/video11  /dev/video14  /dev/video18  /dev/video22
/dev/video1   /dev/video12  /dev/video15  /dev/video20  /dev/video23
/dev/video10  /dev/video13  /dev/video16  /dev/video21  /dev/video31
pi@raspberrypi:/ $ ^C

4.3 安装必要的库

输入命令

sudo apt-get install subversion libjpeg9-dev imagemagick libv4l-dev cmake git

pi@raspberrypi:/ $ sudo apt-get install subversion libjpeg9-dev imagemagick libv4l-dev cmake git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
git is already the newest version (1:2.30.2-1).
imagemagick is already the newest version (8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3).
libjpeg9-dev is already the newest version (1:9b-1).
libv4l-dev is already the newest version (1.20.0-2).
subversion is already the newest version (1.14.1-3+deb11u1).
cmake is already the newest version (3.18.4-2+rpt1+rpi1+deb11u1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 47 not upgraded.
pi@raspberrypi:/ $

4.4 下载 mjpg-streamer 安装文件

输入命令

sudo git clone https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer.git

pi@raspberrypi:/ $ sudo git clone https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer.git
Cloning into 'mjpg-streamer'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 2964, done.
remote: Total 2964 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 2964
Receiving objects: 100% (2964/2964), 3.48 MiB | 59.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1885/1885), done.
pi@raspberrypi:/ $

4.5 切换到 /mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental 下编译

切换到目标目录后输入命令：

sudo make all

pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $ sudo make all
[ -d _build ] || mkdir _build
[ -f _build/Makefile ] || (cd _build && cmake  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..)
make -C _build
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[  4%] Building C object CMakeFiles/mjpg_streamer.dir/mjpg_streamer.c.o
[  8%] Building C object CMakeFiles/mjpg_streamer.dir/utils.c.o
[ 13%] Linking C executable mjpg_streamer
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 13%] Built target mjpg_streamer
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 17%] Building C object plugins/input_file/CMakeFiles/input_file.dir/input_file.c.o
[ 21%] Linking C shared library input_file.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 21%] Built target input_file
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 26%] Building C object plugins/input_http/CMakeFiles/input_http.dir/input_http.c.o
[ 30%] Building C object plugins/input_http/CMakeFiles/input_http.dir/misc.c.o
[ 34%] Building C object plugins/input_http/CMakeFiles/input_http.dir/mjpg-proxy.c.o
[ 39%] Linking C shared library input_http.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 39%] Built target input_http
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 43%] Building C object plugins/input_uvc/CMakeFiles/input_uvc.dir/dynctrl.c.o
[ 47%] Building C object plugins/input_uvc/CMakeFiles/input_uvc.dir/input_uvc.c.o
[ 52%] Building C object plugins/input_uvc/CMakeFiles/input_uvc.dir/jpeg_utils.c.o
[ 56%] Building C object plugins/input_uvc/CMakeFiles/input_uvc.dir/v4l2uvc.c.o
[ 60%] Linking C shared library input_uvc.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 60%] Built target input_uvc
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 65%] Building C object plugins/output_file/CMakeFiles/output_file.dir/output_file.c.o
[ 69%] Linking C shared library output_file.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 69%] Built target output_file
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 73%] Building C object plugins/output_http/CMakeFiles/output_http.dir/httpd.c.o
[ 78%] Building C object plugins/output_http/CMakeFiles/output_http.dir/output_http.c.o
[ 82%] Linking C shared library output_http.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 82%] Built target output_http
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 86%] Building C object plugins/output_rtsp/CMakeFiles/output_rtsp.dir/output_rtsp.c.o
[ 91%] Linking C shared library output_rtsp.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 91%] Built target output_rtsp
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 95%] Building C object plugins/output_udp/CMakeFiles/output_udp.dir/output_udp.c.o
[100%] Linking C shared library output_udp.so
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[100%] Built target output_udp
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $

等待一会等待编译成功。

这里有几个地方需要注意一下。

4.6 安装

输入命令

sudo make install

pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $ sudo make install
make -C _build install
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 13%] Built target mjpg_streamer
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 21%] Built target input_file
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 39%] Built target input_http
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 60%] Built target input_uvc
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 69%] Built target output_file
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 82%] Built target output_http
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[ 91%] Built target output_rtsp
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
[100%] Built target output_udp
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Release"
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/mjpg_streamer
-- Set runtime path of "/usr/local/bin/mjpg_streamer" to "/usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer"
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/control.htm
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/java_simple.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/static_simple.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/jquery.rotate.js
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/java.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/favicon.ico
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/javascript_simple.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/example.jpg
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/jquery.ui.custom.css
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/fix.css
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/index.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/javascript_motiondetection.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/videolan.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/LICENSE.txt
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/JQuerySpinBtn.css
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/style.css
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/stream.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/favicon.png
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/bodybg.gif
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/jquery.ui.widget.min.js
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/stream_simple.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/jquery.js
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/spinbtn_updn.gif
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/javascript.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/jquery.ui.tabs.min.js
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/static.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/functions.js
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/JQuerySpinBtn.js
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/sidebarbg.gif
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/rotateicons.png
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/java_control.html
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/cambozola.jar
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/share/mjpg-streamer/www/jquery.ui.core.min.js
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/input_file.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/input_http.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/input_uvc.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/output_file.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/output_http.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/output_rtsp.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/output_udp.so
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/_build'
pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $

这里面可以关注几个信息：

html、js、css等等文件。意味着我们可以自定义效果。这里其实就是构造了一个http web服务器。
/usr/local/lib/mjpg-streamer/ 下面包括了输入和输出文件。

4.7 开启摄像头图片流功能，并建立http服务器

输入命令：

./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -r 1920 x 1080 -f 30 " -o “./output_http.so -w ./www”

MJPG-Streamer 将图像的来源视为输入，将图像的展示视为输出。
每一种输入或输出是都抽象为一个插件。
上面的例子中：-i 指定输入的插件为 input_uvc.so，此插件会从摄像头中采集图像。-r 指定分辨率（可以根据自己摄像头的参数来调整，但是外网来说分辨率越大数据流量越大，需要考虑）、-f 指定 fps。-o 指定输出的插件为 output_http.so，此插件会启动一个 http server。

输入参数：

mjpg_streamer -i 'input_uvc.so [options]'

---------------------------------------------------------------
Help for input plugin..: UVC webcam grabber
---------------------------------------------------------------
The following parameters can be passed to this plugin:

[-d | --device ].......: video device to open (your camera)
[-r | --resolution ]...: the resolution of the video device,
                         can be one of the following strings:
                         QSIF QCIF CGA QVGA CIF VGA 
                         SVGA XGA SXGA 
                         or a custom value like the following
                         example: 640x480
[-f | --fps ]..........: frames per second
                         (activates YUYV format, disables MJPEG)
[-m | --minimum_size ].: drop frames smaller then this limit, useful
                         if the webcam produces small-sized garbage frames
                         may happen under low light conditions
[-e | --every_frame ]..: drop all frames except numbered
[-n | --no_dynctrl ]...: do not initalize dynctrls of Linux-UVC driver
[-l | --led ]..........: switch the LED "on", "off", let it "blink" or leave
                         it up to the driver using the value "auto"
---------------------------------------------------------------

[-t | --tvnorm ] ......: set TV-Norm pal, ntsc or secam
---------------------------------------------------------------

Optional parameters (may not be supported by all cameras):

[-br ].................: Set image brightness (auto or integer)
[-co ].................: Set image contrast (integer)
[-sh ].................: Set image sharpness (integer)
[-sa ].................: Set image saturation (integer)
[-cb ].................: Set color balance (auto or integer)
[-wb ].................: Set white balance (auto or integer)
[-ex ].................: Set exposure (auto, shutter-priority, aperature-priority, or integer)
[-bk ].................: Set backlight compensation (integer)
[-rot ]................: Set image rotation (0-359)
[-hf ].................: Set horizontal flip (true/false)
[-vf ].................: Set vertical flip (true/false)
[-pl ].................: Set power line filter (disabled, 50hz, 60hz, auto)
[-gain ]...............: Set gain (auto or integer)
[-cagc ]...............: Set chroma gain control (auto or integer)
---------------------------------------------------------------

输出参数：

mjpg_streamer [input plugin options] -o 'output_http.so [options]'

---------------------------------------------------------------
The following parameters can be passed to this plugin:

[-w | --www ]...........: folder that contains webpages in 
                          flat hierarchy (no subfolders)
[-p | --port ]..........: TCP port for this HTTP server
[-l ] --listen ]........: Listen on Hostname / IP
[-c | --credentials ]...: ask for "username:password" on connect
[-n | --nocommands ]....: disable execution of commands
---------------------------------------------------------------

执行命令：

pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $ ./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -r 1920x1080 -f 30 " -o "./output_http.so -w ./www"
MJPG Streamer Version: git rev: 310b29f4a94c46652b20c4b7b6e5cf24e532af39
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1920 x 1080
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: JPEG
 i: TV-Norm...........: DEFAULT
 i: The specified resolution is unavailable, using: width 640 height 480 instead 
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Pan (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Tilt (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Pan Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Pan/tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Focus (absolute): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Pan (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Tilt (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Pan Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Pan/tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Focus (absolute): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at LED1 Mode: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at LED1 Frequency: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Disable video processing: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Raw bits per pixel: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
 o: www-folder-path......: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port........: 8080
 o: HTTP Listen Address..: (null)
 o: username:password....: disabled
 o: commands.............: enabled

这里告诉我了默认端口是 8080.

4.8 输入 http://树莓派ip:8080/stream_simple.html

这里博主拍到桌面上的一本书籍。

5. 设置开机自启动

我们看看安装目录有什么文件？

pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $ ls -al
total 336
drwxr-xr-x  7 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:40 .
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096 Nov 12 07:22 ..
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:40 _build
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Nov 12 07:22 cmake
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2701 Nov 12 07:22 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   596 Nov 12 07:22 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   116 Nov 12 07:22 docker-start.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 17976 Nov 12 09:40 input_file.so
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 18656 Nov 12 09:40 input_http.so
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 50920 Nov 12 09:40 input_uvc.so
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 17987 Nov 12 07:22 LICENSE
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root   510 Nov 12 07:22 makedeb.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   772 Nov 12 07:22 Makefile
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 18344 Nov 12 09:40 mjpg_streamer
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 15782 Nov 12 07:22 mjpg_streamer.c
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  3695 Nov 12 07:22 mjpg_streamer.h
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   285 Nov 12 07:22 mjpg_streamer@.service
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 18800 Nov 12 09:40 output_file.so
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 40036 Nov 12 09:40 output_http.so
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 13324 Nov 12 09:40 output_rtsp.so
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 17808 Nov 12 09:40 output_udp.so
drwxr-xr-x 17 root root  4096 Nov 12 07:22 plugins
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    57 Nov 12 07:22 postinstall.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1350 Nov 12 07:22 README.md
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Nov 12 07:22 scripts
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root  5117 Nov 12 07:22 start.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   330 Nov 12 07:22 TODO
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  4659 Nov 12 07:22 utils.c
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  5137 Nov 12 07:22 utils.h
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Nov 12 07:22 www
pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $

里面有一个很重要的mjpg_streamer@.service。如果看过前面章节的同学潜意识估计就知道它是做什么的了。
查看一下该文件：

[Unit]
Description=A server for streaming Motion-JPEG from a video capture device
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mjpg_streamer
ExecStart=/usr/bin/mjpg_streamer -i 'input_uvc.so -d /dev/%I' -o 'output_http.so -w /usr/share/mjpg_str>

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

没错，就是关于服务启动相关的。我们需要对它进行修改。我们再看看我们上面的启动命令：

> ./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -r 1920 x 1080 -f 30 " -o "./output_http.so -w ./www"

我们得想办法（写脚本）把它写在service里面。

5.1 创建脚本

sudo touch mjpg_start.sh
sudo nano mjpg_start.sh

输入脚本内容：

#!/bin/sh
cd /home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental
./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -r 1920x1080 -f 30 " -o "./output_http.so -w ./www"

保存成功，记得修改好文件可执行权限。

sudo chmod 777 mjpg_start.sh

5.2 测试脚本

pi@raspberrypi:~/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental $ sh mjpg_start.sh 
MJPG Streamer Version: git rev: 310b29f4a94c46652b20c4b7b6e5cf24e532af39
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1920 x 1080
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: JPEG
 i: TV-Norm...........: DEFAULT
 i: The specified resolution is unavailable, using: width 640 height 480 instead 
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Pan (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Tilt (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Pan Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Pan/tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD - Error at Focus (absolute): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Pan (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Tilt (relative): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Pan Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Pan/tilt Reset: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Focus (absolute): Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at LED1 Mode: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at LED1 Frequency: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Disable video processing: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Error at Raw bits per pixel: Inappropriate ioctl for device (25)
 o: www-folder-path......: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port........: 8080
 o: HTTP Listen Address..: (null)
 o: username:password....: disabled
 o: commands.............: enabled

可以成功运行，说明脚本可用。

5.3 修改service文件

把service文件修改为：

[Unit]
Description=A server for streaming Motion-JPEG from a video capture device
After=network.target

[Service]
User=pi
ExecStart=/home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/mjpg_start.sh
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

5.4 复制文件到/etc/systemd/system目录

执行命令：

sudo cp /home/pi/mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental/mjpg_streamer@.service /etc/systemd/system

同时，记得重命名一下。

cd /etc/systemd/system
sudo mv mjpg_streamer@.service mjpg_streamer.service

5.5 设置服务为开机自启动

sudo systemctl enable mjpg_streamer.service

pi@raspberrypi:/etc/systemd/system $ sudo systemctl enable mjpg_streamer.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mjpg_streamer.service → /etc/systemd/system/mjpg_streamer.service.
pi@raspberrypi:/etc/systemd/system $ ^C

重启树莓派看看效果。
正常启动，完美！

6. MJPG-streamer技术细节

直接翻看源码

一些参考文档：

工作原理：

除了 main 线程，还会起 2 个线程。输入插件的线程 A 负责从摄像头采集一帧数据，暂存在 buffer 中。输出插件的线程 B 负责实现 http server，当有 http client 要求访问时图像时，从 buffer 中读一帧数据，然后发送给 http client。

7. 远程监控访问

7.1 配置frp客户端

往frpc.ini文件添加http穿透配置:

[web]
type = http
local_port = 8080
custom_domains = 43.xxx.xxx.xxx 
http_user = dpjcn1990
http_pwd = xxxxxxxx

[web]
代理名称，随意命名
type = http
协议类型，此处为http,还可以配置tcp,udp等
custom_domains = 43.xxx.xxx.xxx
公网的IP也可以是域名
local_port = 8080
代理的本地端口，就是你访问本地项目时的端口
http_user/http_pwd
所有客户端共用一个 frps 的 HTTP 服务端口，任何知道你的域名和 URL 的人都能访问到你部署在内网的服务，但是在某些场景下需要确保只有限定的用户才能访问。frp 支持通过 HTTP Basic Auth 来保护你的 web 服务，使用户需要通过用户名和密码才能访问到你的服务。

使用custom_domains 指定的地址或者域名，端口为服务端的 vhost_http_port 指定的端口，此处为8080, 访问后就相当于访问到了本地的端口 8080
此处为： xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080
代理方式相当于： xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080 --> 127.0.0.1:8080

7.2 配置frp服务器

服务器相对简单。修改/etc/frp/frps.ini:

[common]
bind_port = 7000
vhost_http_port = 7001

记得配置云服务安全端口。

然后重启一下。

7.3 访问一下 http://公网ip:vhost_http_port 端口号/ 查看效果

会提示你输入账号和密码。
效果是可以访问，但是有点大延迟（也可能我的带宽不行）。我们可以试试压缩一下图片大小。

8. 总结

主要以学习态度把家里刚好有一个闲置好几年的usb摄像头，想着如何把它也接入到树莓派中来。但目前效果看起来局域网挺好，广域网就不行，这个方案仍有待考虑。

有关【树莓派不吃灰】基础篇⑲ 搭建usb摄像头MJPG-streamer图片流监控，支持远程视频监控访问的更多相关文章

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【树莓派不吃灰】基础篇⑲ 搭建usb摄像头MJPG-streamer图片流监控，支持远程视频监控访问

目录

1. 前言

2. 识别摄像头

3. MJPG-streamer方案

3.1 什么是 MJPG？

3.2 MJPG 的优点？

3.2 MJPG 的缺点？

4. 搭建usb摄像头监控

4.1 开启树莓派摄像头开关

4.2 查看设备文件

4.3 安装必要的库

4.4 下载 mjpg-streamer 安装文件

4.5 切换到 /mjpg-streamer/mjpg-streamer-experimental 下编译

4.6 安装

4.7 开启摄像头图片流功能，并建立http服务器

4.8 输入 http://树莓派ip:8080/stream_simple.html

5. 设置开机自启动

5.1 创建脚本

5.2 测试脚本

5.3 修改service文件

5.4 复制文件到/etc/systemd/system目录

5.5 设置服务为开机自启动

6. MJPG-streamer技术细节

7. 远程监控访问

7.1 配置frp客户端

7.2 配置frp服务器

7.3 访问一下 http://公网ip:vhost_http_port 端口号/ 查看效果

8. 总结

有关【树莓派不吃灰】基础篇⑲ 搭建usb摄像头MJPG-streamer图片流监控，支持远程视频监控访问的更多相关文章

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