很久以前研究过 用NV_DX_interop扩展让D3D和OpenGL共享资源 ， OpenGL在当初设计的时候电脑和操作系统还是个相对比较简单的东西，因此OpenGL API设计没有考虑到现在计算机架构的一些特性，比如多核编程和多显卡并发。最近几年出来个Vulkan来接OpenGL的班，所以继续走起研究下D3D11和Vulkan的共享。

Vulkan主程序用了vulkan tutorial下面的一个教程Combined image sampler ， 这段代码演示了把一个纹理vkImage贴到一个3D的四边形面上.

接下来是尝试打通一个D3D11 Texture2D和这个vkImage存放图像数据的buffer, 这样我可以通过修改Texture2D的内容来让显示的vkImage的内容也发生变化。D3D11 Texture2D和vkImage共享的代码流程主要参考自这个github VulkanSdkDemos/BindImageMemory2.cpp at d3d11-image-interop · roman380/VulkanSdkDemos · GitHub

要让vulkan和D3d11共享资源，大致需要这么五步:

• 在include glfw头文件前，加上#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR

#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

• 初始化vk device的时候，多打开4个extension扩展

        VK_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_EXTENSION_NAME,

        VK_KHR_GET_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_EXTENSION_NAME,

        VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_EXTENSION_NAME,

        VK_KHR_BIND_MEMORY_2_EXTENSION_NAME

const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
    VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_GET_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_EXTENSION_NAME,
    VK_KHR_BIND_MEMORY_2_EXTENSION_NAME
};

...

createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();

if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
}

•  创建vkImage对象的时候, VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo要声明使用外部的内存对象VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT

        /* add for DX11/vulkan interop*/
        VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo PhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO };
        PhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT;
        VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2 };
        PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2.pNext = &PhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo;
        PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2.type = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
        VkExternalImageFormatProperties ExternalImageFormatProperties = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES };
        VkImageFormatProperties2 ImageFormatProperties2 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2 };
        ImageFormatProperties2.pNext = &ExternalImageFormatProperties;

        if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2(physicalDevice, &PhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2, &ImageFormatProperties2) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2!");
        }
        assert(ExternalImageFormatProperties.externalMemoryProperties.externalMemoryFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_DEDICATED_ONLY_BIT);
        assert(ExternalImageFormatProperties.externalMemoryProperties.externalMemoryFeatures & VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT);
        assert(ExternalImageFormatProperties.externalMemoryProperties.compatibleHandleTypes & VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT);
        /*******************************/

        VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo ExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
        ExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo.handleTypes = VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT;

        VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo{};

        imageInfo.pNext = &ExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo;

        imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        imageInfo.extent.width = width;
        imageInfo.extent.height = height;
        imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
        imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
        imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
        imageInfo.format = format;
        imageInfo.tiling = tiling;
        imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        imageInfo.usage = usage;
        imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

        if (vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &image) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image!");
        }

• 创建D3D11Texture2D时， MiscFlags要包含 D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_NTHANDLE以及D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX 或D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED

CD3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC TextureDesc(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, imageInfo.extent.width, imageInfo.extent.height, 1, 1);
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
        TextureDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX | D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_NTHANDLE;
#else
        TextureDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED | D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_NTHANDLE;
#endif
        

        VERIFY(SUCCEEDED(D3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&TextureDesc, &Data, &Texture)));

• 最后把D3D11Texture2D的NTHandle传给vkAllocateMemory，这样AllocateMemory就会复用这个Texture2D的memory, 然后vkBindImageMemory给vkImage

        VERIFY(SUCCEEDED(Texture->QueryInterface(&DxgiResource1)));
        VERIFY(SUCCEEDED(DxgiResource1->CreateSharedHandle(nullptr, GENERIC_ALL, nullptr, &Handle)));

        VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo MemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO };
        MemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo.image = image;
        VkImportMemoryWin32HandleInfoKHR ImportMemoryWin32HandleInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_MEMORY_WIN32_HANDLE_INFO_KHR };
        ImportMemoryWin32HandleInfo.pNext = &MemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo;
        ImportMemoryWin32HandleInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT;
        ImportMemoryWin32HandleInfo.handle = Handle;
        VkMemoryAllocateInfo MemoryAllocateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };
        MemoryAllocateInfo.pNext = &ImportMemoryWin32HandleInfo;
        MemoryAllocateInfo.allocationSize = MemoryRequirements.size;
        // WARN: MemoryAllocateInfo.memoryTypeIndex remains zero
        VkDeviceMemory ImageMemory;
        VERIFY(vkAllocateMemory(device, &MemoryAllocateInfo, nullptr, &ImageMemory) == VK_SUCCESS);
        VkBindImageMemoryInfo BindImageMemoryInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO };
        BindImageMemoryInfo.image = image;
        BindImageMemoryInfo.memory = ImageMemory;
        VERIFY(vkBindImageMemory2(device, 1, &BindImageMemoryInfo) == VK_SUCCESS);

这样这个vkImage里面存放像素的那块内存其实就是D3D11Texture2D里存放像素的那个内存区了。接下来只要用D3D11的API对这个Texture2D的像素做改动，vkImage的像素也会相应变化。

代码里有个编译参数

#define USE_KEYEDMUTEX
分别对应创建D3D11 texture2D时候的MiscFlags包含D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX或者D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED的情况

主要区别是

• 用D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX创建的Texture2D是自带一个mutex锁的，可能是用来同步d3d11多线程之间不要同时访问这块Texture2D/vkImage内存用的。
• D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED创建的Texture2D资源没有互斥锁的限制，所有线程可以随时随地的访问。

总的来说，粗粗的学习了一下vkImage部分，没有发现什么官方建议的API用来防止D3D11和Vulkan之间同时访问共享资源导致数据完整性错误的机制。所以真正设计程序的时候，可能需要借用windows自己的mutex机制来保证这块。

PS: 这段原始参考代码是有坑的， 简单的说代码的原作者在注释里提到了一个问题，就是这段代码如果在vulkan初始化的时候打开了validation layer, 在后面获取vkImage所需存放像素的buffer大小 vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2()的时候就会出现memory access violation的错误。这段代码是他为了复现问题专门写的，他当时是在AMD的显卡上发现的，我这边用Intel显卡也有一样的问题。我也没搞懂导致这个问题的原因是什么，可能是vulkan库里面的某段代码或者显卡驱动里有错误吧 （当时没看懂代码里作者的注释，后来费了好大劲调试找问题无果，最后发现代码用release模式就能跑，最后定位在了debug模式编译时打开了validation layer) 这个还希望有明白的大佬能指点一下...

最后验证一下，在主循环里，每循环30帧就给Texture2D对象刷一个纯色（红，黄，蓝），这段代码因为没有D3D11的显示部分，而CopyResource()是一个异步操作，函数返回的时候相关的copy命令序列并不一定会进入GPU的command queue并且运行完毕，所以窗口里的贴图的颜色变化会有很明显的延迟 (有些D3D11相关的函数会自动做Flush GPU Command Queue的操作,比如Map()/UnMap(), Present()之类）。因此需要在每次做完CopyResource()以后调用Flush()一下，把拷贝命令刷进GPU的Command Queue里，这样延迟就不是很明显了。

    void mainLoop() {
        unsigned long frame_counter = 0;
        while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
            glfwPollEvents();
            drawFrame();
#if 1
            frame_counter++;
            if ((frame_counter % 90 )==0)
            {
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
                Texture_Mutex->AcquireSync(1, INFINITE);
                Texture_R_Mutex->AcquireSync(1, INFINITE);
#endif
                //texture刷红色
                D3d11DeviceContext->CopyResource(Texture, Texture_R);
                std::cout << "D3d11DeviceContext->CopyResource(Texture, Texture_R); : " << frame_counter << std::endl;
                D3d11DeviceContext->Flush();
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
                Texture_Mutex->ReleaseSync(1);
                Texture_R_Mutex->ReleaseSync(1);
#endif

            }
            else if ((frame_counter % 60) == 0)
            {
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
                Texture_Mutex->AcquireSync(1, INFINITE);
                Texture_G_Mutex->AcquireSync(1, INFINITE);
#endif
                //texture刷绿色
                D3d11DeviceContext->CopyResource(Texture, Texture_G);
                std::cout << "D3d11DeviceContext->CopyResource(Texture, Texture_G); : " << frame_counter << std::endl;
                D3d11DeviceContext->Flush();
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
                Texture_Mutex->ReleaseSync(1);
                Texture_G_Mutex->ReleaseSync(1);
#endif
            }
            else if ((frame_counter % 30) == 0)
            {
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
                Texture_Mutex->AcquireSync(1, INFINITE);
                Texture_B_Mutex->AcquireSync(1, INFINITE);
#endif
                //texture刷蓝色
                D3d11DeviceContext->CopyResource(Texture, Texture_B);
                std::cout << "D3d11DeviceContext->CopyResource(Texture, Texture_B); : " << frame_counter << std::endl;
                D3d11DeviceContext->Flush();
#ifdef USE_KEYEDMUTEX
                Texture_Mutex->ReleaseSync(1);
                Texture_G_Mutex->ReleaseSync(1);
#endif
            }
#endif
        }

        vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
    }

运行一下, 一切正常，搞定收工

最后还是老规矩，源码奉上，仅供参考

https://gitee.com/tisandman/d3d11_vulkan_sharing