TL; DR:StaTaskScheduler运行的任务内的死锁。长版:

我正在使用Parallel Team的 StaTaskScheduler 中的ParallelExtensionsExtras托管第三方提供的一些旧版STA COM对象。 StaTaskScheduler实现细节的描述如下:

The good news is that TPL’s implementation is able to run on either MTA or STA threads, and takes into account relevant differences around underlying APIs like WaitHandle.WaitAll (which only supports MTA threads when the method is provided multiple wait handles).

var result = await Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
    // in-proc object A
    var a = new A(); 
    // out-of-proc object B
    var b = new B(); 
    // A calls B and B calls back A during the Method call
    return a.Method(b);     
}, CancellationToken.None, TaskCreationOptions.None, staTaskScheduler);

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleTestApp
{
    class Program
    {
        // start and run an STA thread
        static void RunStaThread(bool pump)
        {
            // test a blocking wait with BlockingCollection.Take
            var tasks = new BlockingCollection<Task>();

            var thread = new Thread(() => 
            {
                // Create a simple Win32 window 
                var hwndStatic = NativeMethods.CreateWindowEx(0, "Static", String.Empty, NativeMethods.WS_POPUP,
                    0, 0, 0, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);

                // subclass it with a custom WndProc
                IntPtr prevWndProc = IntPtr.Zero;

                var newWndProc = new NativeMethods.WndProc((hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam) =>
                {
                    if (msg == NativeMethods.WM_TEST)
                        Console.WriteLine("WM_TEST processed");
                    return NativeMethods.CallWindowProc(prevWndProc, hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
                });

                prevWndProc = NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(hwndStatic, NativeMethods.GWL_WNDPROC, newWndProc);
                if (prevWndProc == IntPtr.Zero)
                    throw new ApplicationException();

                // post a test WM_TEST message to it
                NativeMethods.PostMessage(hwndStatic, NativeMethods.WM_TEST, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);

                // BlockingCollection blocks without pumping, NativeMethods.WM_TEST never arrives
                try { var task = tasks.Take(); }
                catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); }

                if (pump)
                {
                    // NativeMethods.WM_TEST will arrive, because Win32 MessageBox pumps
                    Console.WriteLine("Now start pumping...");
                    NativeMethods.MessageBox(IntPtr.Zero, "Pumping messages, press OK to stop...", String.Empty, 0);
                }
            });

            thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
            thread.Start();

            Thread.Sleep(2000);

            // this causes the STA thread to end
            tasks.CompleteAdding(); 

            thread.Join();
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Testing without pumping...");
            RunStaThread(false);

            Console.WriteLine("\nTest with pumping...");
            RunStaThread(true);

            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to exit");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    // Interop
    static class NativeMethods
    {
        [DllImport("user32")]
        public static extern IntPtr SetWindowLong(IntPtr hwnd, int nIndex, WndProc newProc);

        [DllImport("user32")]
        public static extern IntPtr CallWindowProc(IntPtr lpPrevWndFunc, IntPtr hwnd, int msg, int wParam, int lParam);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        public static extern IntPtr CreateWindowEx(int dwExStyle, string lpClassName, string lpWindowName, int dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, IntPtr hWndParent, IntPtr hMenu, IntPtr hInstance, IntPtr lpParam);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        public static extern bool PostMessage(IntPtr hwnd, uint msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        public static extern int MessageBox(IntPtr hwnd, string text, String caption, int options);

        public delegate IntPtr WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, int msg, int wParam, int lParam);

        public const int GWL_WNDPROC = -4;
        public const int WS_POPUP = unchecked((int)0x80000000);
        public const int WM_USER = 0x0400;

        public const int WM_TEST = WM_USER + 1;
    }
}

最佳答案

我对您的问题的理解:您仅使用 StaTaskScheduler 来为传统的COM对象组织经典的COM STA公寓。您是而不是，它在StaTaskScheduler的STA线程上运行WinForms或WPF核心消息循环。也就是说，您在该线程中没有使用Application.Run，Application.DoEvents或Dispatcher.PushFrame之类的东西。如果这是一个错误的假设，请纠正我。

就其本身而言，StaTaskScheduler 不会在其创建的STA线程上安装任何同步上下文。因此，您依赖CLR为您发送消息。我仅在克里斯·布鲁姆(Chris Brumme)的Apartments and Pumping in the CLR中发现了一个隐式确认，即CLR在STA线程上运行:

I keep saying that managed blocking will perform “some pumping” when called on an STA thread. Wouldn’t it be great to know exactly what will get pumped? Unfortunately, pumping is a black art which is beyond mortal comprehension. On Win2000 and up, we simply delegate to OLE32’s CoWaitForMultipleHandles service.

... in STA is only a small set of special-cased messages dispatched.

... Should I implemented a custom synchronization context, which would explicitly pump messages with CoWaitForMultipleHandles, and install it on each STA thread started by StaTaskScheduler?

// the core loop
var msg = new NativeMethods.MSG();
while (true)
{
    // MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx with MWMO_INPUTAVAILABLE returns,
    // even if there's a message already seen but not removed in the message queue
    nativeResult = NativeMethods.MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(
        count, waitHandles,
        (uint)remainingTimeout,
        QS_MASK,
        NativeMethods.MWMO_INPUTAVAILABLE);

    if (IsNativeWaitSuccessful(count, nativeResult, out managedResult) || WaitHandle.WaitTimeout == managedResult)
        return managedResult;

    // there is a message, pump and dispatch it
    if (NativeMethods.PeekMessage(out msg, IntPtr.Zero, 0, 0, NativeMethods.PM_REMOVE))
    {
        NativeMethods.TranslateMessage(ref msg);
        NativeMethods.DispatchMessage(ref msg);
    }
    if (hasTimedOut())
        return WaitHandle.WaitTimeout;
}

public static async Task RunAsync()
{
    using (var staThread = new Noseratio.ThreadAffinity.ThreadWithAffinityContext(staThread: true, pumpMessages: true))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Initial thread #" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        await staThread.Run(async () =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine("On STA thread #" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            // create a simple Win32 window
            IntPtr hwnd = CreateTestWindow();

            // Post some WM_TEST messages
            Console.WriteLine("Post some WM_TEST messages...");
            NativeMethods.PostMessage(hwnd, NativeMethods.WM_TEST, new IntPtr(1), IntPtr.Zero);
            NativeMethods.PostMessage(hwnd, NativeMethods.WM_TEST, new IntPtr(2), IntPtr.Zero);
            NativeMethods.PostMessage(hwnd, NativeMethods.WM_TEST, new IntPtr(3), IntPtr.Zero);
            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to continue...");
            await ReadLineAsync();

            Console.WriteLine("After await, thread #" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            Console.WriteLine("Pending messages in the queue: " + (NativeMethods.GetQueueStatus(0x1FF) >> 16 != 0));

            Console.WriteLine("Exiting STA thread #" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        }, CancellationToken.None);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Current thread #" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
}

关于c# - StaTaskScheduler和STA线程消息泵送，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21211998/